AIMS To compare the effect of Manuka honey, chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) mouthwash and xylitol chewing gum on the dental plaque levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty healthy male dental students aged between 21 and 25 years (mean age 23.4 years) participated in the study. All the subjects received a professional prophylaxis at the start of the study, with the purpose of making the dentition 1...

Three experiments examine the role of articulatory motor planning in experiencing an involuntary musical recollection (an "earworm"). Experiment 1 shows that interfering with articulatory motor programming by chewing gum reduces both the number of voluntary and the number of involuntary-unwanted-musical thoughts. This is consistent with other findings that chewing gum interferes with voluntary ...

Many people chew gum partly due to the belief that it increases aspects of mental performance, including concentration. To the best of our knowledge no empirical evidence exists to support this contention. The present experiment, therefore, examined the effects of chewing gum using a comprehensive and sensitive cognitive assessment battery and two tasks manipulating cognitive load. Heart rate r...

When smokers are in situations where smoking is prohibited, chewing gum is believed to reduce cravings to smoke. However, there is little scientific evidence to support this widely held assumption. The present study assessed craving for a cigarette and nicotine withdrawal in 20 dependent cigarette smokers under one of two conditions. All subjects smoked an initial cigarette upon arrival to the ...

The development of sugarfree gum provided the possibility of a noncariogenic alternative to sugared gum. Chewing sugarfree gum results in a rise in plaque pH, in contrast to the pH fall observed with sugared gum. This is due to the stimulation of the flow of saliva, with the resulting increase in level of bicarbonate and thus alkalinity. At the same time the plaque microflora do not produce sig...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two chewing gums on the production of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC) in vivo. Fourteen periodontally healthy participants (20-35 years old) were included in the test panel. Test gum 1 (TG1) contained sucrose and Test gum 2 (TG2) contained xylitol and zinc citrate. Two series of tests were conducted with a double-blind cross-...

The store-based and perceptual-gestural accounts of verbal STM suggest that any impairment (e.g. by concurrent oral activity) of articulatory planning/production processes will also impair verbal STM. In contrast, the interference-based Feature Model argues that a concurrent oral activity is only disruptive for STM performance because it introduces irrelevant verbal item features, which interfe...

It has been reported that nicotine shows some beneficial effects on Parkinson's disease. The purpose of the present study is to assess the therapeutic effects of nicotine chewing gum in patients with early-onset parkinsonism (EOP). The subjects were 8 patients with early-onset parkinsonism (male/female = 4/4, mean age; 51.3 years). Four out of 8 patients had a history of smoking (smokers). To e...

Based on these approaches, several types of medications, such as taste adulterants, stimulants, and tranquilizers have been tested as aids to smoking cessation (Kozlowski, in press; Raw 1978; Grabowski and Hall, this volume). Most of these medications have not been efficacious. Nicotine chewing gum is the exception (Hughes and Miller 1984). The major hypotheses to explain the efficacy of nicoti...

BACKGROUND Eructation is a physiologic event which allows gastric venting of swallowed air and most of the time is not perceived as a symptom. This is called gastric belching. Supragastric belching occurs when swallowed air does not reach the stomach and returns by mouth a short time after swallowing. This situation may cause discomfort, life limitations and problems in daily life. OBJECTIVE ...