Biodegradable poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and PLGA-based polymeric nanoparticles are widely used for sustained release of protein and peptide drugs. These formulations are usually prepared by water/oil/water (W/O/W) and solid/oil/water (S/O/W) double emulsion solvent evaporation method. Other methods of preparation are nanoprecipitation, emulsion solvent diffusion and salting-out. Th...

Introduction The ability of surfaces to modulate cellular behavior such as adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation is an important facet of tissue and organ formation and in the eventual realization of functional biomaterials. The presence of micro or nanostructures on a surface permits the manipulation of cell-substrate and cell-cell interactions to better control cellular funct...

saffron essential oil has a pleasant aroma and medicinal activities. however, it is sensible into the environmental condition. therefore, it should be protected against unwanted changes during storage or processing. encapsulation is introduced as a process by which liable materials are protected from unwanted changes. in the present study, different ratios (0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0...

3D bio-artificial liver systems and transplantable devices are gaining significance due to the increase in number of patients with liver diseases. We demonstrate an ex-vivo system that mimics liver tissue and enhance the liver specific function with better viability. The proposed in vitro microchip takes advantage of micro contact printing and encapsulating process to achieve the goal. A multip...

cis-Diamminediiodoplatinum (cis-DIDP) is a cisplatin-like anticancer drug with higher anticancer activity, but lower stability and price than cisplatin. In this study, a cis-DIDP carrier system based on micro-sized stearic acid was prepared by an emulsion solvent evaporation method. The maximum drug loading capacity of cis-DIDP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles was 22.03%, and their encapsulatio...

Many techniques have been developed to produce nanoparticles. Among them, electrospray has attracted recent research interest because it is an elegant and versatile way to make a broad array of nanoparticles. Electrospray is a technique that uses an electric field to disperse or break up a liquid. Compared with current technologies, such as bulk mixing, high pressure homogenization and double e...

The 3D assembly of micro-/nano-building blocks with multi-nanomanipulator coordinated manipulation is one of the central elements of nanomanipulation. A novel rail-guided nanomanipulation system was proposed for the assembly of a cellular vascular-like hydrogel microchannel. The system was equipped with three nanomanipulators and was restricted on the rail in order to realize the arbitrary chan...

The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells has created a new class of therapeutics based on the reversible silencing of specific disease-causing genes. This therapeutic potential depends on the ability to deliver inducers of RNAi, such as short-interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA), to cells of target tissues. This chapter reviews various challenges and delivery strateg...

The purpose of this study was to optimize a method for the encapsulation of P5 peptide, a new designed peptide containing MHC class I epitopes from rat HER2/neu protein, into liposomes as an approach for breast cancer vaccine formulation. The efficiency of liposomal encapsulation of peptides is generally low and development of an optimized method to increase encapsulation efficiency is a big ch...