Economic dispatch is the short-term determination of the optimal output of a number of electricity generation facilities, to meet the system load, at the lowest possible cost, subject to transmission and operational constraints. The Economic Dispatch Problem is solved by specialized computer software which should honor the operational and system constraints of the available resources and corres...

The effects of halogen lamp–microwave combination baking on the quality of cookies in terms of texture, color and spread ratio were studied. In addition, gelatinization and pasting properties of cookies baked in different ovens were assessed by using a Rapid Visco Analyzer. The hardness values of the cookies increased with increasing baking time and/or halogen power. The microwave power also co...

A single-chip dual-band power amplifier monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) operating at 3.5V single supply has been developed for both WLAN 2.4GHz and 5.2GHz with IEEE 802.11b/g/a standards applications. The MMIC utilizes the process of WINs Corp. with an InGaP/GaAs HBT process. The dual-band power amplifier constructed based on the design of adaptive RF bias choke circuits and prop...

Explosive pulsed power consists of those devices that convert the chemical energy in explosives into electrical energy. In 2004, a series of programs were initiated to develop several types of very compact explosive pulsed power generators. Based on these recent efforts, we now have a better understanding of the weaknesses and strengths of these small generators. As a result, we can now build r...

In a superconductor, absorption of photons with an energy below the superconducting gap leads to redistribution of quasiparticles over energy and thus induces a strong nonequilibrium quasiparticle energy distribution. We have measured the electrodynamic response, quality factor, and resonant frequency of a superconducting aluminium microwave resonator as a function of microwave power and temper...

INTRODUCTION A new method for estimating the power spectrum C ` from cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps was recently presented by the author 1 and applied to the 2 year COBE data, giving the results in Figure 1. It was found that the spectral

In this work, the investigation of wave absorption, phase formation, crystal structure and magnetic properties of SrFe12O19 hexa-ferrites nanoparticles that synthesized by co-precipitation using a microwave heating system and polyaniline-SrFe12O19 was carried out by using a combination of vector network analyser (VNA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier tra...

Background and objectives: Bakhtiari savory belonging to the Lamiaceae family is an endemic species, which is rich in carvacrol, thymol and other aromatic compounds. The essential oil of the plant could be added in fatty food against radicals similar to synthetic antioxidant BHT. Methods: To determine the best extraction methods on qualitative and antioxidant c...

Power density in active devices is increasing according to the demands of transistor users. Applications in commercial wireless, avionics, broadcast, industrial, and medical systems are pushing the envelope for solid-state power, with growing requirements for higher output power levels from fewer output-stage devices. At Freescale Semiconductor, supplying high-performance radio frequency (RF) a...

VDD A 10 GHz CMOS distributed voltage controlled oscillator (DVCO) is designed in a 0.35pm BiCMOS process technology using only CMOS transistors. The oscillator achieves a tuning range of 12% (9.3 GHz to 10.5 GHz) and a phase noise of -1 14 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset from a carrier frequency of 10.2 GHz. The VCO uses two different simultaneous tuning techniques which allow for a coarse and fine I t...