bgs below ground surface BOD biochemical oxygen demand cDCE cis-1,2-dichloroethene CF chloroform c/t-DCE cis/trans-dichloroethene CT carbon tetrachloride CVOC chlorinated volatile organic compound Dhb Dehalobacter spp. Dhc Dehalococcoides spp. DNAPL dense non-aqueous phase liquid DO dissolved oxygen DoD Department of Defense DOC dissolved organic carbon DPT direct-push technology DWEL Drinking ...

[1] The Karhunen-Loeve moment equation (KLME) approach is implemented to model stochastic transient water-NAPL two-phase flow in heterogeneous subsurface media with random soil properties. To describe the constitutive relationships between water saturation, capillary pressure, and phase relative permeability, the widely used van Genuchten model and Parker and Lenhard models are adopted. The log...

Adding surfactant into the displacing aqueous phase during surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation of NAPL contamination and in chemical flooding oil recovery significantly changes interfacial tension (IFT) (σ) on water–oil interfaces within porous media. The change in IFT may have a large impact on relative permeability for the two-phase flow system. In most subsurface flow investigations, how...

Self-sustaining treatment for active remediation (STAR) is an innovative soil remediation approach based on smoldering combustion that has been demonstrated to effectively destroy complex hydrocarbon nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) with minimal energy input. This is the first study to explore the smoldering remediation of sand contaminated by a volatile NAPL (trichloroethylene, TCE) and the fi...

PHT3D, a three-dimensional, MODFLOW/MT3DMS-based reactive multicomponent transport model is presented. The model couples, via an operator-splitting method, the transport simulator MT3DMS (Zheng and Wang, 1998) and the geochemical package PHREEQC-2 (Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999). Through the flexible, generic nature of PHREEQC-2, PHT3D can handle a broad range of equilibrium and kinetic reactive p...