Background: Since the 2000ss development assistance for HIV and AIDS has increasingly been provided through Global Health Initiativess (GHIs), specifically the

We demonstrate that Michelson-Morley tests, which detect direction-dependent anisotropies in the speed of light, can also be used to place limits upon isotropic deviations of the vacuum speed of light from c, as described by the photon-sector standard model extension parameter ~ tr. A shift in the speed of light that is isotropic in one inertial frame implies anisotropic shifts in others. Using...

This paper presents a new algorithm based on Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) and its stability analysis for sensorless control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs). The reference and adjustable models of the suggested observer are based on the active power of the machine. A hysteresis block is used in the structure of the adaptation mechanism, and the stability analysis is performe...

An improved sliding mode observer is presented to estimate the rotor position of the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). In this observer, the discontinuous control is replaced by using the sigmoid function in order to reduce the chattering problem commonly found in the conventional sliding mode observer. When the chattering is reduced, the back emf can be obtained directly from the sw...

This paper proposes two methods for nonlinear observer design which are based on a partial nonlinear observer canonical form (POCF). Observability and integrability existence conditions for the new POCF are weaker than the well-established nonlinear observer canonical form (OCF), which achieves exact error linearization. The proposed observers provide the global asymptotic stability of error dy...

the main task of this work is related with the design of a class of siso robust control law for theregulation of substrate concentration (cdo) of an industrial activated sludge wastewater plant. the controldesign is related with an uncertainty estimator (reduced order observer) based active control. departing from the tracking error between the desired and the current substrate concentrations t...

steering assist system controls the force transfer behavior of the steering system and improves the steering probability of the vehicle. moreover, it is an interface between the diver and vehicle. fault detection in electrical assisted steering systems is a challenging problem due to frequently use of these systems. this paper addresses the fault detection and reconstruction in automotive elect...

the main task of this work is related with the design of a class of siso robust control law for theregulation of substrate concentration (cdo) of an industrial activated sludge wastewater plant. the controldesign is related with an uncertainty estimator (reduced order observer) based active control. departing from the tracking error between the desired and the current substrate concentrations t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability among radiologists in the characterisation of mammograms according to Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System assessment and breast density categories. METHODS The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2014 to June 2014. Using non-probability purposive sampling, al...

A new library for event-driven design, defining a general and extendible scheme yet easy to learn and use on both the publisher and subscriber sides, provides an opportunity to analyze such other approaches as the “Observer Pattern”, the event-delegate mechanism of .NET and its “Web Forms”, then to draw some general software engineering lessons.