Background and objective:Many biochemical features of sulfur mustard (SM) intoxication remained unknown. So far, the direct association between biochemical parameter changes and ocular problems in patients exposed to SM is not evaluated.The current study aimed at evaluating the associations between the ocular findings in patients with SM intoxication and the changes of...

When administering eye drops, even when completely correctly applied, several routes of absorption are possible and excess amounts can sometimes cause an unwanted systemic bioavailability of the drops when not completely absorbed into the eye. Furthermore, the concentration of active ingredients in such medicinal preparations is usually very high, so that despite the correct application of the ...

ruminal bacteria and protozoa provide excellent organic phosphorus (p) sources for the host animal. this experiment was conducted to compare the bioavailability of bacterial and protozoal p in comparison with that of dicalcium phosphate (dcp) as a reference phosphorus source. bacteria and protozoa were isolated from the rumen contents of dairy cows and the chick-model was used to determine the ...

Open-angle glaucoma is a multifactorial optic neuropathy characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and their axons. It is an irreversible disease with no established cure. The only currently approved treatment is aimed at lowering intraocular pressure, the most significant risk factor known to date. However, it is now clear that there are other risk factors involved in glaucom...

Non-aqueous system are well known as solvent or drug suspension vehicles and oleogels micro emulsion with no aqueous phase (anhydrous, non-aqueous oil-in-oil emulsion) have had relatively scant attention yet may have uses as drug reservoir as well as template for the preparation of microemulsion combination with a cosurfactant. Microemulsions have emerged as novel vehicles for drug delivery whi...

Intravitreal antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in the management of infectious endophthalmitis. Basic knowledge of the commonly used intravitreal antibiotics, which includes their pharmacokinetics, half-life, duration of action and clearance, is essential for elimination of intraocular infection without any iatrogenic adverse effect to the ocular tissue. Various drugs have been studied ...

This study aimed to develop a cationic nanosuspension of chitosan (CS) and methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MPEG-PCL) for ocular delivery of diclofenac (DIC). MPEG-PCL-CS block polymer was synthesized by covalent coupling of MPEG-PCL with CS. The critical micelle concentration of the MPEG-PCL-CS block polymer was 0.000692 g/L. DIC/MPEG-PCL-CS nanosuspension (mean particle siz...

Eye disease due to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and the number one infectious cause of unilateral corneal blindness in the developed parts of the globe. Recurrent keratitis can result in progressive corneal scarring, thinning, and vascularization. Antiviral agents employed against HSV have primarily been nucleoside analogs. Early generation drugs included id...

Current treatments for eye diseases often do not achieve the required level of effect. Topical therapies have low efficacy and bioavailability as a result of factors such as anatomical and physiological barriers, tear formation, and lymphatic drug clearance. Systemic therapies have high incidence of adverse effects, poor tolerability, and limited efficacy. Frequently, patients are noncompliant ...

AIMS To assess the subretinal fluid (SRF) levels of ofloxacin following topical, oral or combined administration. METHODS 31 patients undergoing conventional retinal reattachment surgery were randomly assigned to three groups. Nine patients received topical ofloxacin, 11 patients received oral ofloxacin, and the other 11 patients received combined administration. Collected SRF samples were an...