The resilience test carried out by ZEW researchers includes all significant export-sector crises since the 1970s. This enables researchers to distinguish long-term crisis-management patterns within the observed economies that are not immediately evident when examining individual current crises. The study defines an export-sector crisis as a decline in exports relative to gross domestic product ...

This article employs cointegration and error-correction modelling to test the causal relationship between real income, exports and human capital stock using data for China over the period 1960 to 1999. We find that real exports, human capital and real income are cointegrated when real exports is the dependent variable, but are not cointegrated when human capital or real income are the dependent...

Oil and Energy TrendsVolume 47, Issue 11 p. 9-16 SURVEY Middle Eastern refining comes of age First published: 16 November 2022 https://doi.org/10.1111/oet.12961Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare text full-text accessPlease review our Terms Conditions Use check box below share version article.I have read acc...

Energy has always been of particular importance to humanity. Oil and gas have been some of the energies that greatly influenced the national security of countries, which produce and consume energy. With the transformation of geostrategic discourse into geo-economic discourse in recent decades and the key role of economics in global relations, oil as the basis of modern industry has enjoyed a hi...

This research presents a model for optimal allocation of Iranian oil and gas resources in sanction condition based on stochastic linear multi-objective programming. The general policies of the resistive economy include expanding exports of gas, electricity, petrochemical and petroleum products, expanding the strategic oil and gas reserves, increasing added value through completing the petroleum...

petroleum and its subjected economic structurs play a significant role in iran's political social and economic develovement. iranian economy highly depends on oil exports and incomes. oil industry provides almost 50% of national budjet and 80 percent of exportation resources. oil's incomes have fluctuated during different decades and experienced the most increasing trend in (2007-2011...

Since it has been discovered in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Oil has played an important and growing role in the economy of Saudi Arabia. And because the Kingdom is a major Oil exporting country in the World, Its income level has increased manyfold. The injection of this increased income into the domestic economy created demand for new goods and services. Hence, a new pattern of consumption eme...

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the demand for oil exports and determine short-term long-term impact of patchouli price variables, per capita income export destinations, real exchange rate on Indonesia's demand. Theoretical framework: is supported by literature Method/design/approach: employed panel ARDL regression (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) data from 2006 - 2021 Results conclusion: A...