PURPOSE To determine the functional role of M(3) and M(5) muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes in ophthalmic arteries using gene-targeted mice. METHODS Muscarinic receptor gene expression was quantified in murine ophthalmic arteries using real-time PCR. To test the functional relevance of M(3) and M(5) receptors, ophthalmic arteries from mice deficient in either subtype (M3R(-/-), M5R(-...

The largest of the cranial ganglia, the trigeminal ganglion, relays cutaneous sensations of the head to the central nervous system. Its sensory neurons have a dual origin from both ectodermal placodes and neural crest. Here, we show that the birth of neurons derived from the chick ophthalmic trigeminal placode begins prior to their ingression (HH11), as early as HH8, and considerably earlier th...

The new method presented in this study was directly based on the consideration that ophthalmic arterial Doppler signals are chaotic signals. This consideration was tested successfully using the nonlinear dynamics tools, like the computation of Lyapunov exponents. Multilayer perceptron neural network (MLPNN) architecture was formulated and used as a basis for determining variabilities such as st...

The rates of incorporation of ^C-labeled glycine and glutamic acid into glutathione and ophthalmic acid have been determined in cultured rabbit lenses. The average turnover rate of glycine and glutamic acid in glutathione, and of glutamic acid in ophthalmic acid teas found to be 1.8 per cent per hour throughout the 24 hour period of culture; the incorporation of glycine in ophthalmic acid also ...

Introduction: Carotid atherosclerosis is one of the main causes ischaemic stroke. The study verified hypothesis on relationship between expression selected inflammatory markers and stability atherosclerotic plaque in stroke patients. Aim: aim was to determine CCL3 CCL5 levels both plasma carotid plaques relation history stroke, as well assess morphology stability. Materials methods: chemokines ...

in the present study, variation among different bacterial strains was observed in the plaques of tobacco chewers (tc) as compared to those from normal persons (non tobacco chewers) (ntc). bacterial strain j1 (dominant in the plaques of ntc) did not initiate the process of adhesion (biofilm formation) until it appeared to have reached a required population density necessary for the production of...