Confounding between the model covariates and causal variables (which may or may not be included as model covariates) is a well-known problem in regression models used in air pollution epidemiology. This problem is usually acknowledged but hardly ever investigated, especially in the context of generalized linear models. Using synthetic data sets, the present study shows how model overfit, underf...

Biomass burning is a major and growing contributor to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5). Such impacts (especially individual impacts from each burning source) are quantified using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model, a chemical transport model (CTM). Given the sensitivity of CTM results to uncertain emission inputs, simulations were condu...

Trees remove air pollution by the interception of particulate matter on plant surfaces and the absorption of gaseous pollutants through the leaf stomata. However, the magnitude and value of the effects of trees and forests on air quality and human health across the United States remains unknown. Computer simulations with local environmental data reveal that trees and forests in the conterminous...

A large number of studies have indicated associations between particulate air pollution and adverse health outcomes. Wintertime air pollution in particular has been associated with increased mortality. Identification of causal constituents of inhalable particulate matter has been elusive, although one candidate has been the acidity of the aerosol. Here we report measurements of acidic aerosol s...

In the atmosphere, particulate matter of 10 microns (µm) or less in diameter (PM10) is an indicator air pollution. Their harmful health effects on humans range from minor irritation to chronic respiratory infections. PM10 levels were assessed ambient including incidences diseases among communities around cement industries Athi River Township Kenya. The collected for three consecutive days five ...

The speciation trend of dissolved copper (DCu) was studied by first time in a Galician Ria across the estuarine zone of the Vigo Ria during the wet season and related to the copper levels in suspended particulate matter (PCu) and sediments. In the riverine and ocean end-members DCu concentrations can be defined as pristine (<4 nM in Oitavén River). DCu is not conservative during the estuarine m...

The rising incidence of allergic disorders in developed countries is unexplained. Exposure to traffic related air pollutants may be an important cause of wheezing and asthma in childhood. Experimental evidence from human studies suggests that diesel exhaust particles, constituents of fine particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM(2.5)), may act to enhance IgE mediated aeroallergen sensitizat...

Abstract All over the world desecration is a major factor for livelihood and plantation. There are various types of desecrations air ( or desecration), water desecration, Industrial noise urban etc. In India Act 1981 prescribes functions Central Desecration Control Board (CPCB) at open level state control board about desecration. 1974 gives prevention 1986 section 2(a) explains under rules, 200...