BACKGROUND Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes and was recently identified as a potential risk factor for childhood obesity. It is therefore of interest whether GWG can be modified by an intervention combining dietary counseling and physical activity. OBJECTIVE The objective was to review published data on interventions to reduc...

Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Paul 's Cathedral, Lond on, wrote a famous essay that I invoke now. In A Modest Proposal , Swift ( 1729) satirically suggested that, for more Irish to live longer during a curren t famine, adults should eat their newborn s, thus feedin g the more able while prevent ing a popul ation grow th that would exacerbate the famine. I, too, wish to make a modest proposal, to ...

The curriculum may superimpose a content-specific context that mediates motivation (Bong, 2001). This study examined content specificity of the expectancy-value motivation in elementary school physical education. Students' expectancy beliefs and perceived task values from a cardiorespiratory fitness unit, a muscular fitness unit, and a traditional skill/game unit were analyzed using constant co...

the present quasi-experimental study investigated the effect of using lesson study as an example of collaborative research in the classroom on the teaching motivation and self-efficacy of physical education teachers. for data collection, descriptive, case study, and qualitative methods were applied. the statistical population consisted of all physical education teachers in piranshahr city. 20 s...

BACKGROUND In order to incorporate new knowledge, skills and emerging concepts from dynamic fields of public health into ongoing courses reform of curriculums sounds necessary. Accordingly, this study was performed to modify health education curriculum of public health undergraduate level. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using Delphi technique, 18 health education lecturers from Tehran, Tabriz, Yazd, S...

the aim of this research was to study triple management skills of managers of physical education departments at state universities. the survey was a case study which used descriptive methodology. the goudarzi (1381) questionnaire was used to collect data (a = 0.973). the research population consisted of all managers of physical education departments of state universities (n=41) as well as physi...

1 Department of Theory of Sport and Kinesiology, Academy of Physical Education in Cracow, Poland. 2 Department of Team Sport Games, Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Poland. 3 Department of Sports Theory and Technology of Sports Training, University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport in Biała Podlaska, Poland. 4 Institute of Physical Education, Tou...

survey of physical modality impact accompanied by selected exercise training on treatment of chronic mechanical low back pain in women    tofighi a [1] *, kashef mm [2] , aghazade shotlou z [3] , assemi a [4]    received : 16 may , 2011 accepted: 6 jluy , 2011   abstract  background & aims: training and exercise treatment is the major recommended procedure for low back pain that has improvable ...