craniosynostoses is defined as a condition of premature fusion in one or more cranial sutures leading to a number of significant complications, mainly raised intracranial pressure which can itself cause other neurodevelopmental complications. copper beaten skull appearance is a well-known presentation of craniosynostoses made by the strong impression of the brain’s gyri on the inner layer of th...

a complicated and controversial subject in obstetrics i.e., toxemia of pregnancy is looked upon, both from an anesthesiological and obstetrical point of view. as pre-eclampsia and eclampsia involve immediate treatment and obstetric considerations, the choice between epidural and general anesthesia becomes necessary when cesarean section is contemplated. apart from the pathophysiology of the ves...

background : chronic kidney disease (ckd) is a complicated kidney problem causing permanent renal failure in progressive stages. the final stage of ckd is called esrd in which most accepted management is hemodialysis (hd). arterio-venus fistula (avf) is the most practical way of making proper access to the blood circulatory system however, maturation of the avf is a challenge, since there are n...

the world hypertension day celebrates 17 th of may of every year by concentrating on an important global health subject. for world hypertension day (whd) 2014, they have chosen “know your blood pressure “as the theme. chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health puzzle and hypertension is one the most important cause of damage to the kidneys. in fact by improved screening, diagnostic eff...

introduction: in patients with uncomplicated primary hypertension (htn), angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (aceis) are considered as monotherapy. in some studies, cough was not related to age, sex, underlying disease, or drug dosage. however, in previous studies, the incidence of cough was greater in females than males. the aim of this study is to determine the incidence of captopril-ind...

background: coarctation of the aorta (coa) is a defect that accounts for 5-8% of all congenital heart diseases. balloon angioplasty as a treatment for coa is increasingly performed, with endovascular stents having been proposed as a means of improving the efficacy and safety of the procedure. the aim of this study was to evaluate the systolic blood pressure gradient at rest and during maximal e...

background: it is well known that the development of brain oxidative stress is one of the most serious complications of arterial hypertension that evokes brain tissue damage. the aim of this study was to examine the effects of atorvastatin treatment (20 mg/kg/day), as an antioxidant, to prevent the brain tissue oxidative stress in the hypertensive (htn) rats. methods: experiments were performed...