OBJECTIVE To determine the status of gardens in California schools. DESIGN A self-administered Internet and mailed survey was sent to all California principals (N = 9805). PARTICIPANTS 4194 California school principals. VARIABLES MEASURED School garden practices, attitudes associated with the use of gardens in schools, and perceptions of barriers to having and using school gardens in acad...

This paper is based on a national study of school leadership in Chile. Surveys were administered during the 2009 school year to school directors and teachers in 649 urban elementary schools across Chile’s three education sectors: municipal schools, government subsidized private schools, and non-subsidized private schools. While nearly all principals reported high levels of satisfaction and indi...

We study a class of moral hazard games between a long lived agent and an in nite sequence of short lived principals. We assume that principals cannot observe past signals. To facilitate the analysis of applications such as online auctions (e.g. eBay), online shopping search engines (e.g. BizRate.com) and consumer reports, we assume that a central mechanism observes all past signals, and makes p...

Integrity policies and cryptographic protocols have much in common. They allow for a number of participating principals, and consist of sets of rules controlling the actions that principals should or should not perform. They are intended to uphold various security properties, the crucial ones being integrity, confidentiality and authentication. This paper takes a unified view to the analysis of...

In a common agency game a set of principals promises monetary transfers to an agent which depend on the action he will take. The agent then chooses the action, and is paid the corresponding transfers. Principals announce their transfers simultaneously. This game has many equilibria; Bernheim and Whinston ([1]) prove that the action chosen in the coalition-proof equilibrium is e±cient. The coali...

This is the companion technical report for “Principals in Programming Languages” [20]. See that document for a more readable version of these results. In this paper, we describe two variants of the simply typed λ-calculus extended with a notion of principal. The results are languages in which intuitive statements like “the client must call open to obtain a file handle” can be phrased and proven...

BACKGROUND Many studies analyse the diagnostic process, diagnostic errors and diagnostic excellence but few provide a broad, yet practical view of this complex and highly context-dependent challenge. METHODS A personal, experience- and research-based selection of the principles of data collection, processing and clinical reasoning found to be most useful in achieving an efficient, timely and ...

Conclusion: For these principles to be effective it is indispensable to have common efforts between the political power and overall society, so that public policies may be implemented to favor patients in the healthcare setting. Also the continuous training of physicians is needed for an adequate application of universal bioethical principles. Bioethical Principals in the Conduct of Doctors OPI...