The Albanian Forum of Public Health (AFPH), an umbrella organization including different public health associations operating in Albania, was established in March 2004 with the support of the European Public Health Association (EUPHA) and the Open Society Institute (OSI). Ever since its establishment the AFPH has been an open arena wherein opinions and options for rational health policies compr...

The production of data is expanding at an astonishing pace. Data are exploding as companies and organizations collect and store increasing amounts of information. The huge amount of data require more storage, processing power and network bandwidth. To address this problem, data deduplication is being widely used. Hashing is widely used in data deduplication systems. Because hashing has many adv...

Citizen participation in the governance process is widely encouraged by academics and professional organizations and is a popular conference topic. Key public policy decisions are made during the public budgeting process, so this would appear to be an important opportunity for meaningful citizen participation. Yet little is known about how and when citizens are involved in the budget process.1

you cannot find any modern society without organizations. all societies need the organizations for achieving their diverse goals. modern professional organizations are doing many functions for their host societies such as: producing and distributing high quality products, provision of health, education, recreation and entertainment services, security and safety. the specialized organizations co...

In the last quarter century, environmental conservation efforts by nongovernmental organizations, private companies, or nation states have most prominently featured expansion of formally protected areas and the integration of elements of biological and social sciences in their monitoring and management. For most involved in such efforts, culture has been either an obstacle to wider adoption of ...

The present article articulates principles for effective public-private partnerships (PPPs) in scientific research. Recognizing that PPPs represent one approach for creating research collaborations and that there are other methods outside the scope of this article, PPPs can be useful in leveraging diverse expertise among government, academic, and industry researchers to address public health ne...

Since 1990s, overseas research and development (R&D) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) is speedily developing and growing. The objective that MNEs establish local R&D organizations or cooperate R&D with local enterprises is to effectively utilize local science and technology resource or to support the production and marketing of local subsidiary companies under the background of global compet...