BACKGROUND Worldwide the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.) is the principal urban vector of dengue viruses. Currently 2.5 billion people are at risk for infection and reduction of Ae. aegypti populations is the most effective means to reduce the risk of transmission. Pyrethroids are used extensively for adult mosquito control, especially during dengue outbreaks. Pyrethroids promote activation and pro...

BACKGROUND The aim of our current study was to investigate the possible occurence of pyrethroid (taufluvalinate) resistant Varroa mites infestations in 24 randomly chosen apiaries of Warmia-Mazury province of northeast Poland. METHODS The methodology used for the analysis of resistant Varroa strains strictly followed the protocol described by Milani. RESULTS We identified 3 apiaries that we...

Metabolic resistance driven by multiple P450 genes is worsening insecticide in malaria vectors. However, it remains unclear whether such over-expression imposes an additive fitness cost the Here, we showed that two highly over-expressed (CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b) combine to impose costs pyrethroid-resistant Anopheles funestus. Genotyping of CYP6P9b allele hybrid mosquitoes from a FUMOZ-R susceptible...

The rapid evolution of insecticide resistance remains one of the biggest challenges in the control of medically and economically important pests. Insects have evolved a diverse range of mechanisms to reduce the efficacy of the commonly used classes of insecticides, and finding the genetic basis of resistance is a major aid to management. In a previously unstudied population, we performed an F2 ...

The prevention of Chagas disease is based primarily on the chemical control of Triatoma infestans (Klug) using pyrethroid insecticides. However, high resistance levels, correlated with control failures, have been detected in Argentina and Bolivia. A previous study at our laboratory found that imidacloprid could serve as an alternative to pyrethroid insecticides. We studied the delayed toxicity ...

Anopheles funestus, one of the main African malaria vectors, caused a major malaria outbreak in South Africa during 1999/2000, even though South Africa had an effective vector control program in place. The outbreak was due to pyrethroid resistant An. funestus invading KwaZulu/Natal. Increased activity of cytochrome P450 (monooxygenase) was responsible for the pyrethroid resistance in this speci...

A total of 53 strains of onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were established, of which 14 strains were collected from persimmon fruit and 39 strains from a vetch weed, Vicia angustifolia, in commercial persimmon orchards in Wakayama Prefecture. Susceptibility to insecticides was evaluated by the Petri dish-spraying tower method. Pyrethroid-resistant strains and pyrethroid-susceptible strains...

A homology model of the housefly voltage-gated sodium channel was developed to predict the location of binding sites for the insecticides fenvalerate, a synthetic pyrethroid, and DDT an early generation organochlorine. The model successfully addresses the state-dependent affinity of pyrethroid insecticides, their mechanism of action and the role of mutations in the channel that are known to con...

BACKGROUND Aedes albopictus is an important dengue vector because of its aggressive biting behavior and rapid spread out of its native home range in Southeast Asia. Pyrethroids are widely used for adult mosquito control, and resistance to pyrethroids should be carefully monitored because vector control is the only effective method currently available to prevent dengue transmission. The voltage-...

BACKGROUND Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLIN) and Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) have both proven to be effective malaria vector control strategies in Africa and the new technology of insecticide treated durable wall lining (DL) is being evaluated. Sustaining these interventions at high coverage levels is logistically challenging and, furthermore, the increase in insecticide resistance in Af...