Malaria control is reliant on the use of long-lasting pyrethroid-impregnated nets and/or indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide. The rapid selection and spread of operationally significant pyrethroid resistance in African malaria vectors threatens our ability to sustain malaria control. Establishing whether resistance is operationally significant is technically challenging. Routine monit...

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used to control insect pests and human disease vectors. Voltage-gated sodium channels are the primary targets of pyrethroid insecticides. Mutations in the sodium channel have been shown to be responsible for pyrethroid resistance, known as knockdown resistance (kdr), in various insects including mosquitoes. In Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, the principal urban vect...

Although pyrethroid-treated materials are a promising tool for the prevention and the control of dengue in the tropics, the development of pyrethroid resistance in the main mosquito vector (Aedes aegypti) may negate their use for personal and/or community protection. In that context, the efficacy of a mixture of a repellent (N,N-diethyl toluamide [DEET]) and a non-pyrethroid insecticide (propox...

Pyrethroid insecticides are the front line vector control tools used in bed nets to reduce malaria transmission and its burden. However, resistance in major vectors such as Anopheles arabiensis is posing a serious challenge to the success of malaria control. Herein, we elucidated the molecular and biochemical basis of pyrethroid resistance in a knockdown resistance-free Anopheles arabiensis pop...

b a ckground: the german cockroach, b lattella germanica is a major hygienic pest and mechanical vector for path- ogenic agents in hospitals and residential areas. the development of insecticide resistance is a serious problem in controlling of this pest. toxicity of four commonly used insecticides (permethrin, cypermethrin, malathion and chlorpyrifos) against two hospital- collected strains of...

Emerging insecticide resistance is a major issue for vector control. It decreases the effectiveness of insecticides, thereby requiring greater quantities for comparable control with a net increase in risk of disease resurgence, product cost, and damage risk to the ecosystem. Pyrethroid resistance has been documented in Puerto Rican populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquitoes. In this study, to...

background: anopheles mosquitoes are an important group of arthropods due to their role in transmission of ma­laria. the present study was conducted for determination of susceptibility status of anopheles stephensi to different imagicides collected from malarious area in chabahar city, iran. methods: in the present study seven insecticides including: ddt 4%, lambdacyhalothrin 0.05%, deltamethri...

Permethrin, in the form of a topical cream, is being increasingly used for community-based programs to control endemic scabies. The development of resistance has reduced the use of pyrethroids for the control of many arthropods of economic and health importance. The best recognized form of pyrethroid resistance, known as knockdown resistance or kdr, has been linked to specific mutations in the ...

Current vector control programs are largely dependent on pyrethroids, which are the most commonly used and only insecticides recommended by the World Health Organization for insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). However, the rapid spread of pyrethroid resistance worldwide compromises the effectiveness of control programs and threatens public health. Since few new insecticide classes for vector contr...

Pyrethroid resistance has been viewed as a very serious threat to the future of malaria vector control1. However, recently two contrasting outcomes have been reported where resistance has been reported in Anopheles malaria vectors. In West Africa a high frequency of the kdr gene in Anopheles gambiae has not prevented good results with pyrethroid treated bednets in laboratory simulations2, in ex...