Polythiophenes are of considerable interest as synthetic metals. The optical properties of polythiophenes can be easily affected by alkyl chain or other side groups to the thiophene ring. The effect of polymerization degree on the energy gap was studied in the case of polythiophene as a conjugated polymer at B3LYP/6-31+G(3d,3p) level of theory. Up to n = 16 could be confident that this degree o...

PURPOSE Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to map the refractive index distribution in human eye lenses in vivo and to investigate changes with age and accommodation. METHODS Whole-eye MR images were obtained for sagittal and transverse axial planes in one eye each of 15 young (19-29 years) and 15 older (60-70 years) subjects when viewing a far ( approximately 6 m) target and at indivi...

The material in the resonant layer (RL) of ‘f.1’ consists of nanometer-sized iron particles in an InGaAsP host layer above the InP p-cladding a common 1.55 m multi-quantum well (MQW) laser structure as shown in Table III. InGaAsP has a refractive index of 3.4 which is higher than the refractive index of the InP pclad which is 3.16. These values satisfy the need to have the real part of the refr...

Existing algorithms can efficiently render refractive objects of constant refractive index. For a medium with a continuously varying index of refraction, most algorithms use the ray equation of geometric optics to compute piecewise-linear approximations of the non-linear rays. By assuming a constant refractive index within each tracing step, these methods often need a large number of small step...

The refractive index as well as molar refraction, is the true index of purity of substance and plays a vital role in solution chemistry. A small addition of a foreign substance either in solid state of liquid form is going to effect the refractive index.As such the variation of refractive indices in pure glucose solution as a function of concentration is studied in detail and this principle is ...

We have implemented a multifunctional optofluidic sensor that can monitor changes in the refractive index and pressure of biofluid simultaneously and can detect free-solution molecular interaction in situ. In this Letter, we demonstrate two major improvements of this sensor proven by both simulation and experiments. One improvement is the broader measurement range of refractive index by making ...

Aerosol refractive index and size distribution estimations based on polarized atmospheric irradiance measurements are proposed together with its application to reflectance based vicarious calibration. A method for reflectance based vicarious calibration with aerosol refractive index and size distribution estimation using atmospheric polarization irradiance data is proposed. It is possible to es...

Intrigued by our recent finding that the nuclear refractive index is significantly increased in malignant cells and histologically normal cells in clinical histology specimens derived from cancer patients, we sought to identify potential biological mechanisms underlying the observed phenomena. The cell cycle is an ordered series of events that describes the intervals of cell growth, DNA replica...