The physical “continuum” is being modeled as a complex of events interconnected by the relation of extension and forming an abstract partially ordered structure. Operational physical procedures for discerning observable events assume their existence and validity locally, by coordinatizing the informational content of those observable events in terms of real-valued local observables. The localiz...

In this paper we study the relationships existing between total measurability in variation and Gould type fuzzy integrability (introduced and studied in [21]), giving a special interest on their behaviour on atoms and on finite unions of disjoint atoms. We also establish that any continuous real valued function defined on a compact metric space is totally measurable in the variation of a regula...

Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models normally assume all inputs and outputs are real valued and continuous. However in problems some inputs and outputs can only take integer values, also, both desirable and undesirable outputs can be generated . In this paper the effect of undesirable outputs in integer DEA model is discussed. The proposed model distinguishes weak disposability o...

Let $(X,d)$ be a compactmetric space and let $K$ be a nonempty compact subset of $X$. Let $alpha in (0, 1]$ and let ${rm Lip}(X,K,d^ alpha)$ denote the Banach algebra of all  continuous complex-valued functions $f$ on$X$ for which$$p_{(K,d^alpha)}(f)=sup{frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{d^alpha(x,y)} : x,yin K , xneq y}

It is useful to treat real-valued functions (or complex-valued functions, or vector space-valued functions) as elements of a vector space, so that the tools from linear algebra can be applied. Given a set X one may consider the vector space R of all real-valued functions with domain X. If X is finite, say with n elements, then this is just the familiar vector space R. The more interesting examp...

In this article, we give a full description of the topological many-one degree structure real-valued functions, recently introduced by Day—Downey—Westrick. We also clarify relationship between Martin conjecture and Day—Downey—Westrick’s Turing-like reducibility, known as parallelized continuous strong Weihrauch for single-valued functions: Under axiom determinacy, show that degrees parallelizab...

A metric compact space M is seen as the closure of the union of a sequence (Mn) of finite n-dense subsets. Extending to M (up to a vanishing uniform distance) Banach-space valued Lipschitz functions defined on Mn, or defining linear continuous near-extension operators for real-valued Lipschitz functions on Mn, uniformly on n is shown to be equivalent to the bounded approximation property for th...