In order to automate the scooping task, it is desirable that the resistive force acting on the bucket be obtained before the scooping is performed. The objective of this study is to derive theoretically the resistive forces acting on the bucket during scooping of piled rock fragments. First, the changes in the shape of the rock pile due to the penetration of it by the bucket are modeled. Based ...

Analytical models for channel potential, threshold voltage, and subthreshold swing of the short-channel fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) are obtained. The analytical model results are verified against simulations and good agreements are observed. Analytical expressions for subthreshold swing, drain induced barrier lowering effect, and threshold voltage roll-off characteristics are pr...

In this paper, an analytical method based on Modified Slab Method of analysis is presented to study the asymmetrical rolling process due to difference in work rolls radii, rolls speeds and interface frictions. The shear force imposed on material along the contact region is considered to be a function of the frictional factor and the roll gap geometry. Elastic-plastic with linear work hardening ...

The stability of a viscoplastic fluid film falling down an inclined plane is explored, with the aim of determining the critical Reynolds number for the onset of roll waves. The Herschel–Bulkley constitutive law is adopted and the fluid is assumed two-dimensional and incompressible. The linear stability problem is described for an equilibrium in the form of a uniform sheet flow, when perturbed b...

The paper presents the usage of the optical measuring system and computer aided design in the process of converting a city bus into a panoramic bus. The conversion goal is to enable easier transfer of tourists and city sightseeing. This intervention requires the removal of the solid roof from the vehicle body structure and the addition of two security frames (roll bars). Such a modified bus mus...

In this paper we consider the asymptotic stability of a class of discrete-time switching linear systems, where each of the constituent subsystems is Schur stable. We first present an example to motivate our study, which illustrates that the bilinear transform does not preserve the stability of a class of switched linear systems. Consequently, continuous time stability results cannot be transfor...

Bumblebee foragers spend a significant portion of their lives transporting nectar and pollen, often carrying loads equivalent to more than half their body mass. Whereas nectar is stored in the abdomen near the bee's center of mass, pollen is carried on the hind legs, farther from the center of mass. We examine how load position changes the rotational moment of inertia in bumblebees and whether ...

Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) suspensions are not easily coatable because of their excessively high viscosity and yield stress, even at low solids concentrations. In addition, CNF suspensions vary widely in their properties depending on the production process used, which can affect their processability. This work reports roll-to-roll coating of three different types of CNF suspensions with a slot-...

Designing a robot that can autonomously traverse a variety of terrain types is difficult. For this reason, one may refer to nature for inspiration and produce robots that mimic biological organisms. EduBot is one such device, a hexapedal robot that resembles a cockroach. Building a robot that mimics a living creature offers numerous advantages, including design efficiency and locomotive stabili...

To achieve the areal density goal in hard disk drives of 1 Tbit/ in.2 the minimum physical spacing or flying height (FH) between the read/write element and disk must be reduced to 2 nm. A brief review of several FH adjustment schemes is first presented and discussed. Previous research showed that the actuation efficiency (defined as the ratio of the FH reduction to the stroke) was low due to th...