Phallic iconography is ubiquitous throughout the archaeology of the Roman world and has raised questions about sexuality in ancient Rome. Dominant modern Western discourses privilege heterosexual male frameworks which many not adequately correspond to ancient Roman culture. Thus, the application of Feminist and/or Queer theory may expand academic insight into not only Roman sexuality, but also ...

Abstract This article investigates the development of urbanism and architecture at site Sala (Chellah), from end first century BC to latter half second AD. By looking transformations in town's civic centre Mauretanian Roman imperial period, aim is assess how layout function public spaces buildings were reshaped respond new ideas monumentality. A range research methodologies are applied address ...

“Roman law” could mean very different things in the Carolingian period, and refers to a great variety of legal texts. This becomes particularly visible from abbreviated versions Roman law that were produced circulated since 6th century. The paper contrasts so-called Epitome Aegidii, Gallic compilation based on Breviary Visigothic King Alaric II, with Iuliani, short version novels Emperor Justin...

BACKGROUND The cucumber, Cucumis sativus, is one of the most widely consumed fruit vegetables the world over. The history of its dispersal to the Occident from its centre of origin, the Indian subcontinent, has been incorrectly understood for some time, due to the confusion of cucumbers with vegetable melons. Iconographic and literary evidence has shown that cucumber was absent in Roman times, ...

Recent scholarship has become increasingly sceptical about the importance of Pictish identity in first millennium A.D. It been suggested that Picti was an external classical general label for people inhabiting northern Britain only adopted internally late seventh century. This article reviews references to antique and subsequent Insular sources from third century 700. proposes term by end Roman...

Abstract Until now, the short cult hymns to Liber, Mars and Juno in Appendix Claudianea have mostly been seen as rhetorical school exercises. Yet a philological-historical analysis shows that they could be remains of occasional poetry from everyday life. The are structured according Roman festival calendar and, on basis language content, should probably dated final phase public non-Christian pr...

In this paper, we present the 87Sr/86Sr data of 13 samples from horses six Lithuanian burial sites dating 3rd to 7th C AD. Alongside these data, also publish bioavailable 15 archaeological sites, based on 41 animals which enabled construction a reliable baseline for Southeast Baltic area. The values partially confirmed hypothesis that unusually large found in Late Roman Period Post-Migration bu...