Hydrogen is a central metabolite in rumen fermentation and its partial pressure is an important determinant of rumen methanogenesis. The balance of hydrogen ion (H+) and dissolved hydrogen gas (H2) concentrations directly determine the redox potential of the rumen and therefore the possible extent of oxidation of feedstuffs. Differential permeability of the bacterial membrane to H+ and H2 means...

Anaerobic rumen microorganisms mainly bacteria, protozoa and fungi degrade ligno-cellulosic feeds consumed by the ruminants. The ruminants in developing countries are predominantly maintained on low grade roughage and grazing on degraded range land resulting in their poor nutrient utilization and productivity. Hence, manipulation of rumen fermentation was tried during last two decades to optimi...

In this study, the kinetic of biogas production was studied by performing a series laboratory experiment using rumen fluid of animal ruminant as inoculums. Cattle manure as substrate was inoculated by rumen fluid to the anaerobic biodigester. Laboratory experiments using 400 ml biodigester were performed in batch operation mode. Given 100 grams of fresh cattle manure was fed to each biodigester...

Chilling of whole rumen contents prior to preparation of strained rumen fluid enriched with particle-associated microorganisms resulted in rumen inoculum with the highest microbial dry weight, total bacterial counts, and degradation rates for casein and soybean meal. Strained rumen fluid, whole rumen contents blended with strained rumen fluid, chilled strained rumen fluid, and strained rumen fl...

A single injection of 15 g NaCl into the rumen, which increased the osmotic pressure of rumen fluid from 369 to 474 mOsmol/kg, resulted in a decrease in the transfer of blood urea into rumen fluid from 2.3 to 1.6 g N/day in sheep fed 50 g of chaffed oaten hay every hour. It is concluded that the reduced urea transfer was the result of a reduced urea input via saliva. The rumen wall remained vir...

Fat is an important constituent contributing to the organoleptic, processing and physical properties of ruminant milk. Understanding the regulation of milk fat synthesis is central to the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the nutritional value of milk, decrease milk energy secretion and improve the energy balance of lactating ruminants. Nutrition is the major environmental factor...

It has been suggested that the rumen microbiome and rumen function might be disrupted if methane production in the rumen is decreased. Furthermore concerns have been voiced that geography and management might influence the underlying microbial population and hence the response of the rumen to mitigation strategies. Here we report the effect of the dietary additives: linseed oil and nitrate on m...

An artificial rumen for the study of nutrient digestion by the micro-organisms of the rumen was initially developed by Louw, Williams & Maynard (1949). In this, the micro-organisms were contained in a semi-permeable dialysis sac and the diffusible products of digestion removed by a salt solution, the composition of which approximated to that of saliva and which flowed continuously past the outs...