Unreliable electricity supply is a major obstacle to economic development in countries such as India. While electricity problems in the rural areas are widely recognized, scholars have yet to analyze the situation in urban slums. Drawing on 2004-2005 survey data from the India Human Development Survey, we document the electricity situation in slums. We find that while households located in slum...

As the global urban population surpasses the rural, continuing growth in most developing countries means an inevitable increase in urban births. The majority of births in many countries will not be in remote rural areas, but in towns and cities [1]. Far from being good news for the twin Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) of maternal and child health—neither of which is currently on track for s...

OBJECTIVES This study compared the epidemiology of non-fatal injury among urban and rural residents of Colorado. DESIGN A stratified probability sample with random digit dial methods was used to survey Colorado residents by telephone regarding injuries experienced in the last 12 months. Questions on the cause of the injury, the activity at the time of the injury, and the place of injury were ...

The study entitled rural youth empowerment: a panacea to rural-urban drift in Ethiope-East Area of Delta State, Nigerians was carried out to x-ray the available economic opportunities for empowering rural youths to curb migration to the city. A purposive random sampling technique was used to select youths from communities with high number of youths who often travel. A sample size of 150 youths ...

Since the late 1970s internal migration has become a fundamental feature of economicand social change in the People’s Republic of China. So has rapid urbanization as therural population moves to the cities and towns in search for work. In the process, newurban spaces have been created that not only provide the springboard for economicdevelopment but also present challenges for s...

Background Rural-urban inequality in long-term care (LTC) services has been increasing alongside rapid socioeconomic development. This study estimates the average spending on LTC services and identifies the factors that influence the use and cost of LTC for the elderly living in urban and rural areas of Thailand. Methods The sample comprised 837 elderly aged 60 years drawn from rural and urba...

Recent evidence indicates profound changes in population mobility in the Amazon frontier. Following the earlier large-scale migration influxes from long-settled regions, the most dramatic forms of population mobility under way are currently within the frontier. In particular, more and more rural households see temporary or permanent mobility of one or more family members to urban areas as a way...

OBJECTIVE To describe secular trends on physical growth of children in China during the year of 1985-2005 and to analyze the urban-suburban-rural difference and its change. METHODS The measurements of height, weight and chest circumference obtained from two serial national cross-sectional surveys for children aged 0 to 7 years in China were used to analyze the secular trends, and the growth d...

Urbanization has a marked effect on the reproduction and other ecological and behavioural traits of many living organisms, including birds. In migrant birds, survival and reproductive output is influenced by the (mis)synchronization of arrival with the availability of resources. Many recent studies have shown that arrival timing is related to temperatures en-route and at destination. Because ur...