A aviary, the vast collection of bird paintings in Chinese art, reflects longstanding global fascination with our feathered friends. Balanced on two legs, like humans, and able to fly and swim, birds have been viewed as an engineering miracle in the East and West and have been studied by artists and scientists alike. Traditional Chinese painting goes back 6,000 years to the Neolithic period and...

Abstract This article looks at the history of jesters affiliated with Iranian court during Safavid and Zand periods. I present several case studies ( dalqak ), featuring Kal ʿEnāyat Dalāleh Qezī from period Lūṭī Ṣāleḥ period. From various primary resources including memoirs, European travelogues, court-associated chronicles, relate accounts associated these personalities describe their unique r...

The Safavid society’s approach to sexuality and gender has made it a reference for the “pre-modern” discourse, in which manifest—in contemporary terminology—queerness fluidity. While is important not romanticize image of Orient as queer heaven, possible consider society an site inquiry that offers valuable insights on pre-colonial sexuality. A less discussed topic literature gendered sexual sla...

The agrarian-related poems of the Northern Song Dynasty are far from realistic creation tradition Book Songs, Yuefu folk songs Han Dynasty, “those who hungry sing about their food, those working work”, and spirit Du Fu’s “Three officials” “three different” Bai Juyi’s New Movement, “Only live people’s disease”. Through multiple contrast techniques, they fully show miserable fate peasants under h...

the saudi historiography started by the rise of saudi dynasty in central arabia in 1744, when muhammad ibn saud, the tribal ruler of the town of ad-dir'iyyah near riyadh, and muhammad ibn abd-al-wahhab, the religious leader were united. several paradigm shave been used to form such historiography in different periods. firstly, the najdian and the baghdadian paradigms can be discussed from ...

Abstract The study aims to analyse the architectural typology and determine period of construction for preserved traditional mosques Quzzat Quarter in Old City Herat (known as Pearl Khorasan). Twenty-nine are located area, three which modern 26 traditional. Twelve out still exist have their landscape. Using analogy water cisterns mosques, we when each mosque was developed establish development ...