ISJow, more than ever before in golfing history, the contemporary player expects his course to be outstanding. But no matter how inspired the design, or how magnificent and beautiful the setting, no layout is better than mediocre unless its turf can be maintained at the highest degree of perfection. Of course, this must be accomplished without excessive monetary outlays. At least that's what th...

The ultimate goal of monetary policy is to achieve price stability and high output. In this regard, central banks usually change the interest rate, liquidity, and money base in order to apply monetary policies. The John B. Taylor rule is one of the rules known in the transmission of monetary policy.[1] Based on this rule and given the output gap and inflation gap, the central bank increases or ...

Since the Sassanid era, many reliefs and seals have left and by reviewing their designs, the mythical and religious attitudes of those people can be understood. The purpose of this article is to decode and interpret the symbolic paintings and to review and study the myths, concepts, and religious rituals of this period. The question is that what the divine and human origin of the symbolic paint...

Reliable measures of the size and direction of changes in monetary policy are very crucial for examining the effects of monetary policy on the economy. Monetary Condition Index (MCI) can be used as a tool to assess the stance of monetary policy. This index is defined as the weighted average of different monetary transmission mechanism relative to their values in a base period. The weights in MC...

We investigate a monetary regime with persistent, near-zero policy interest rates (“permazero”). This regime was implemented in 1683 by a prominent early central bank, the Bank of Amsterdam (“Bank”). Under this regime, the Bank’s policy rate remained at one-half percent for over a century. We employ archival data to reconstruct the Bank’s activities over a subsample of this regime (1736-1791) f...