Skeletal muscles are able to adapt to over - or under-use. In response to enhanced use, such as exercise, skeletal muscles undergo morphological and physiological changes possibly including injury and regeneration of muscle fibers (myofibers). The regeneration process includes addition or replacement of myofiber nuclei (myonuclei) (1). Myonuclei are terminally differentiated, thus maintenance a...

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) are required during muscle regeneration for regulating extracellular signaling pathways. HSPGs interact with growth factors and receptors through heparan sulfate (HS) chains. However, the regulatory mechanisms that control HS sulfation to affect the growth factor-dependent proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells are yet unknown. Here we report ...

Myoblast proliferation and differentiation are essential for normal skeletal muscle growth and repair. Muscle recovery is dependent on the quiescent population of muscle stem cells - satellite cells. During muscle injury, satellite cells become mitotically active and begin the repair process by fusing with each other and/or with myofibers. Aging, prolonged inactivity, obesity, cachexia and othe...

Skeletal muscle is essential for mobility, stability, and whole body metabolism, and muscle loss, for instance during sarcopenia, has profound consequences. Satellite cells (muscle stem cells) have been hypothesized, but not yet demonstrated, to contribute to muscle homeostasis and a decline in their contribution to myofiber homeostasis to play a part in sarcopenia. To test their role in muscle...

In this study we addressed the effect of various monochromatic light treatments on muscle growth and satellite cell proliferation in broilers (Gallus domesticus). Broilers were reared under green (560 nm), blue (480 nm) and red (660 nm) monochromatic lights and white light as a control from day one until 35 days of age. At five days of age, satellite cells were prepared from the experimental ch...

Skeletal muscle is essential for mobility, stability and whole body metabolism, and muscle loss, for instance, during sarcopenia, has profound consequences. Satellite cells (muscle stem cells) have been hypothesized, but not yet demonstrated, to contribute to muscle homeostasis and a decline in their contribution to myofibre homeostasis to play a part in sarcopenia. To test their role in muscle...

Fibrosis and defective muscle regeneration can hamper the functional recovery of the soft palate muscles after cleft palate repair. This causes persistent problems in speech, swallowing, and sucking. In vitro culture systems that allow the study of satellite cells (myogenic stem cells) from head muscles are crucial to develop new therapies based on tissue engineering to promote muscle regenerat...

Adult skeletal muscle is able to repeatedly regenerate because of the presence of satellite cells, a population of stem cells resident beneath the basal lamina that surrounds each myofiber. Little is known, however, of the signaling pathways involved in the activation of satellite cells from quiescence to proliferation, a crucial step in muscle regeneration. We show that sphingosine-1-phosphate...

Lund DK, Mouly V, Cornelison DD. MMP-14 is necessary but not sufficient for invasion of three-dimensional collagen by human muscle satellite cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 307: C140–C149, 2014. First published June 4, 2014; doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00032.2014.—The twenty-five known matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs), mediat...

Adult skeletal muscle stem cells, termed satellite cells are imperative to muscle regeneration. Much work has been performed on satellite cell identification and the subsequent activation of the myogenic response but the regulation of satellite cells including its activation is not well elucidated. The purpose of this review article is to synthesize what the literature reveals in regards to the...