Fats and oils are the most common contaminants in wastewater and are usually discarded 17 through physical processes. This paper studies its elimination through an environmentally friendly 18 biological treatment, yielding good results on both laboratory scale and in the field. In this study a 19 comparative evaluation of the biodegradation of fats and oils in two scenarios were developed in 20...

■ Abstract Important physical processes on the Sun, and especially in sunspots, occur on spatial scales at or below the limiting resolution of current solar telescopes. Over the past decade, using a number of new techniques, high-resolution observations have begun to reveal the complex thermal and magnetic structure of a sunspot, along with associated flows and oscillations. During this time re...

Spatial scale is a major concept in many sciences concerned with human activities and physical processes occurring at the Earth’s surface. In particular, geographic literature is rich in discussions about the importance of scale in both the scientific and the familiar representations of the world (Meentemeyer, 1989; Ferras, 1992). Scale is now increasingly recognized as a central concept in the...

Temperature measurements taken in young landfast Antarctic sea ice show daily oscillations consistent with heating by solar radiation. We present and solve a heat conduction model for the temperature with a nonlinear thermal capacity and a distributed source term for solar power absorption based on Monte Carlo scattering simulations of penetrating photons. We observe two characteristic modes fo...

Small-world architectures may be implicated in a range of phenomena from disease propagation to networks of neurons in the cerebral cortex [1-2]. While most of the recent attention on small-world networks has focussed on the effect of introducing disorder/randomness into a regular graph, we show that that the fundamental mechanism behind the small-world phenomenon is not dis-order/randomness, b...

General flowering (GF) is a unique phenomenon wherein, at irregular intervals, taxonomically diverse trees in Southeast Asian dipterocarp forests synchronize their reproduction at the community level. Triggers of GF, including drought and low minimum temperatures a few months previously has been limitedly observed across large regional scales due to lack of meteorological stations. Here, we aim...

In this paper, we investigate the evolution of classical wave propagation in the canonical acoustic black hole by numerical method and discuss the details of tail phenomenon. The oscillating frequency and damping time scale both increase with the angular momentum l. For the lower l, numerical results show the lowest WKB approximation gives the most reliable result. We also find that time scale ...

Repeated symmetry-breaking and restoration phase transitions occur as one traverses the parameter space of interactions competing to align the vacuum. This phenomenon, augmented with a topcolor-like interaction, can make a composite Higgs boson’s mass and vacuum expectation value naturally much less than its underlying structure scale, without introducing new symmetries and their associated TeV...