Introduction: Parkinson disease (PD) is the second frequent human neurodegenerative disease following Alzheimer. This illness is caused by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of substantia nigra (SNpc). Clinical demonstrations are observable when 70% of dopaminergic neurons in SNpc and 80% of dopaminergic terminals in striatum have been degenerated. Characterization of non-...

background: health related quality of life is an important outcome measure in studies involving patients with chronic neurological conditions. disease specific patient reported outcome measures (proms) are increasingly used as primary end points in clinical trials. the most widely used disease specific prom is the 39 item parkinson's disease questionnaire (pdq-39). the aim of this study was to ...

chronic  obstructive  pulmonary  disease (copd)  and  asthma  are  major  public  health problems, which seems to have close association with psychiatric disorders. the present study was conducted to compare the psychological status between asthmatic and copd patients and clarify the relationship with severity of pulmonary obstruction. this cross-sectional study was planned to compare the psych...

melon and musk melon are grown widely in warm and moderate climate regions of the world as well as iran. these crops are attacked by several fungal pathogens including macrophomina phaseolina which causes charcoal rot disease at different growth stages and reduces the yield remarkably. fungicide application and other control methods have not been successful in control of charcoal rot and utiliz...

Background: Pruritus is one of the most disabling problems in patients with chronic renal failure. It is a distressing symptom with a negative impact on quality of life and is also very frustrating for both patients and their physicians. The pathophysiological mechanisms of pruritus are mainly unknown. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with pruritus in these patients. Met...