For many years, heat shock or stress proteins have been regarded as intracellular molecules that have a range of housekeeping and cytoprotective functions, only being released into the extracellular environment in pathological situations such as necrotic cell death. However, evidence is now accumulating to indicate that, under certain circumstances, these proteins can be released from cells in ...

SparkJet (SPJ) actuator was used to control shock and shock-on-shock interaction in high-enthalpy hypersonic flow with a total temperature of 4490 K Mach number 6.9 for the first time. Aiming at characteristics rarefied gas flight environment, authority SPJ improved by air supply method. The process interacting crossflow near ramp obtained using high-speed schlieren camera. When pressurized cav...

Impact-induced devolatilization of porous serpentine was investigated using two independent experimental methods, the gas recovery method and the solid recovery method, each yielding nearly identicd results. For shock pressures near incipient devolatilization (Pinitid = 5.0 GPa), the hydrogen isotopic composition of the evolved H20 is very close to that of the starting material. For shock press...

Background: Spasticity is a common motor impairment in patients with stroke that not only has a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life but also has high economic burdens for society. Recently the application of shock wave therapy has attracted considerable attention as a safe and effective method in treatment of spasticity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the eff...

Through the continuing trend of miniaturization new cost efficient and fast methods for processing small parts are required. In this paper a new non-mechanical process for the forming process of micro deep drawing is presented. This new deep drawing process utilizes a laser initiated plasma shock wave at the target, which forms the sheet. Several pulses can be applied at one point and therefore...

We examine Fermi-type acceleration at relativistic shocks, and distinguish between the initial boost of the first shock crossing cycle, where the energy gain per particle can be very large, and the Fermi process proper with repeated shock crossings, in which the typical energy gain is of order unity. We calculate by means of numerical simulations the spectrum and angular distribution of particl...

In bricklayers’ model, which is a generalization of the misanthrope processes, we show that a nontrivial class of product distributions is closed under the time-evolution of the process. This class also includes measures fitting to shock data of the limiting PDE. In particular, we show that shocks of this type with discontinuity of size one perform ordinary nearest neighbor random walks only in...

There have been numerous independent suggestions to use high speed shocks to heat deuterium gas to thermonuclear temperature (E. Teller, R. R. Wilson, H. Grad, W. Marshall), and extensive experimental work in this field is being carried on by, e.g., Kolb, and Janes. Our own work in this field has been directed towards a fundamental understanding of the strong shock process, in the limit of no p...