Did smiling evolve as an expression of happiness, friendliness, or both? Naturalistic observation at a bowling alley (N — 1,793 balls) shows that bowlers often smile when socially engaged, looking at and talking to others, but not necessarily after scoring a spare or a strike. In a second study, bowlers (N =166 balls) rarely smiled while facing the pins but often smiled when facing their friend...

RoTHBABT, MABY KLEVJOHD Measurement of Temperament m Infancy CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1981, 52, 569-578 Development of a caretaker-report instrument of the assessment of infant temperament is descnbed, and longitudinal findmgs are reported Temperament dimensions were selected for mvestigation from the work of Thomas, Chess et al, Escalona, Diamond, and others Conceptual analysis of scale definitions ...

Much theory and research on emotion are based on the facial expressions of amateurs asked to pose for still photographs. The theory of facial affect programs (FAPs; P. Ekman, 1972) was proposed to account for the resulting expressions, most of which are patterns consisting of distinguishable parts. In the present study, 4 Hollywood films noted for fine acting and realism were examined for the f...

Positive emotions promote adjustment to aversive life events. However, evolutionary theory and empirical research on trauma disclosure suggest that in the context of stigmatized events, expressing positive emotions might incur social costs. To test this thesis, the authors coded genuine (Duchenne) smiling and laughter and also non-Duchenne smiling from videotapes of late-adolescent and young ad...

This paper details work done on face processing using a novel approach involving Hidden Markov Models. Experimental results from earlier work [14] indicated that left-to-right models with use of structural information yield better feature extraction than ergodic models. This paper illustrates how these hybrid models can be used to extract facial bands and automatically segment a face image into...

Forty-eight mother-father pairs watched a 6-minute videotape presentation of an infant during which time their skin conductance and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) were monitored. Mood scales were also administered. Half of the subjects saw a crying baby, while the other half viewed a smiling infant. The baby was labeled as "normal," "difficult," or "premature," to equal proportions of ...

Few studies have investigated how physical and social facial cues are integrated in the formation of face preferences. Here we show that expression differentially qualifies the strength of attractiveness preferences for faces with direct and averted gaze. For judgments of faces with direct gaze, attractiveness preferences were stronger for smiling faces than for faces with neutral expressions. ...

Smiling has often been incorrectly interpreted as “happy” in the popular facial expression datasets (AffectNet, RAF-DB, FERPlus). is most complex human expression, with positive, neutral, and negative smiles. We focused on fine-grained recognition (FER) built a new smiling face dataset, named Facial Expression Emotions. This dataset categorizes smiles into six classes of smiles, containing tota...