Disagreement as to whether all smiling or specific types of smiling index positive emotion early in life was addressed by examining when infants produced different types of smiling and other facial expressions. Thirteen infants were observed weekly from 1 to 6 months of age. Smiling alone--without cheek raising or mouth opening--was relatively more likely than periods without smiling both when ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze differences in tooth display, lip-line height, and smile width between the posed smiling record, traditionally produced for orthodontic diagnosis, and the spontaneous (Duchenne) smile of joy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The faces of 122 male participants were each filmed during spontaneous and posed smiling. Spontaneous smiles were elicited through the participants watching a co...

Smiling individuals are usually perceived more favorably than non-smiling ones-they are judged as happier, more attractive, competent, and friendly. These seemingly clear and obvious consequences of smiling are assumed to be culturally universal, however most of the psychological research is carried out in WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) and the influen...

introduction: the effect of education on esthetic perception is still unclear. this study aims to compare the perception of smile esthetics, under various conditions, among general and specialist dentists. materials and methods: a photograph of a woman’s smile was digitally altered using a software image editing program. alterations were made tothe dental midline, anterior gingival display, buc...

• The meaning people attach to the act of smiling affects their subjective wellbeing. • People believe that smiling either reflects happiness or is an attempt to become happy. • Smile frequency can increase or reduce wellbeing, based on their belief. • Frequent smiling can backfire and make a person less happy. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Conventional wisdom (and existing research) su...

Studies of facial responses during experimental and clinical pain have revealed a surprising phenomenon, namely, that a considerable number of individuals respond with a smile. So far, it is not known why smiling occurs during pain. It is possible that the "smile of pain" is socially motivated (e.g., reinforcing social bonds while undergoing an unpleasant experience). The present studies were c...