In this paper, we examine whether high-IOS (investment opportunity set) firms vis-à-vis non-growth (low-IOS) will not reduce discretionary expenditures, such as advertising expenses, research and development, SG&A (selling, general administrative) to further sustain the firm growth in a more conservative reporting environment (the post-Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) period). We also investigate, an e...

INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder of high prevalence that remains the leading cause of disability in aged people. A balance between anabolic and catabolic mechanisms maintains extracellular matrix homeostasis in articular cartilage. Among mechanisms to control gene expression, genomic DNA methylation, modification of nucleosome histone tails, and chromos...

Since the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) Act in 2002, companies have begun to place more emphasis on information technology (IT) internal controls. IT internal controls are policies that provide assurance that technical systems operate as intended, provide reliable data, and comply with regulations. Research suggests that firms with strong internal controls perform better than those w...

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a large number of patients; however, human umbilical cord stem cells exhibit therapeutic potential for treating OA. The aim of the present study was to explore the interaction between human umbilical cord stem cells and degenerated chondrocytes, and the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord stem cells on degenerated chondrocytes. Human umbilical cord‑derived ...

In this study, the anti-osteoarthritis effects of Cynanchum wilfordii, Phlomis umbrosa, and Angelica gigas extract (CPAE), observed and confirmed in previously clinical studies were further investigated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Anabolic biomarkers related to healthy cartilage maintenance, such as aggrecan, type II collagen α-1 (Col2a1), sex determining region Y-box-9 (Sox-9), and catabo...

Ideally, the flue gas resulting from high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons (HC) contains CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 and some acceptable levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and oxides of sulfur (SOx). In reality, the flue gas from a combustion process contains CO 2 , H 2 O, N 2 , O 2 and some concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), NOx and SOx .