Abstract In this study, we ask if high-stakes testing affects school-related stress among students and there are gender differences in these effects. Students’ results on tests can have long-term consequences for their future educational trajectories life chances. For girls, who tend to higher aspirations gain more from education, the stakes involved may be even higher. The use of has increased...

This paper experimentally investigates how monetary incentives and emotions influence behavior in a two-player power-to-take game (PTTG). In this game, one player can claim any part of the other's endowment (take rate), and the second player can respond by destroying any part of his or her own endowment. The experiment is run in China. We further compare our findings with the behavior of two Eu...

If its utility function is everywhere increasing and concave, rank−dependent expected utility shares a troubling property with expected utility −− aversion to the same moderate−stakes risk at every wealth level implies an extreme aversion to large−stakes risks. In fact, the problem may be even worse for rank−dependent expected utility, since the moderate−stakes risk need not be actuarially fair...

We report experimental results for a twice-played prisoners’ dilemma in which the players can choose the allocation of the stakes across the two periods. Our point of departure is the assumption that some (but not all) people are principled to “do the right thing,” or cooperate, as long as their opponent is sufficiently likely to do so. The presence of such types can be exploited to enhance coo...

Standardized ability tests that are associated with intelligence often used for student selection. In Germany two different admission procedures to select students medical studies simultaneously; the TMS and HAM-Nat. Due this simultaneous use of both a detailed analysis construct validity is mandatory. Therefore, aim study validation selection by using data 4,528 participants ( M age = 20.42, S...

The two-person centipede game is one of the most celebrated paradoxes of backward induction in complete information extensive form games. An experimental investigation of a three-person centipede game shows that the paradoxical results are strongly affected by the size of the stakes. When the number of players in the game is increased from two to three and the game is played for unusually high ...

The generalizability aspect of Construct validity, as proposed by Messick (1989), requires that a test measures the same trait across different samples from the same population. Differential Item functioning (DIF) analysis is a key component in the fairness evaluation of educational tests. University entrance exam for the candidates who seek admission into master's English programs (MEUEE) at I...

Literacy skills are critical for future success, yet over 60% of high school seniors lack proficient reading according to standardized tests. The focus on stakes, test performance may lead educators “teach-to-the-test” rather than supporting transferable comprehension strategies that students need. StairStepper can fill this gap by blending necessary prep and strategy practice in a fun, game-ba...