Global optimization for sustainable design and synthesis of a large-scale algae processing network under economic and environmental criteria is addressed. An algae processing network superstructure including 7800 processing routes is proposed. Based on the superstructure, a multiobjective mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model is developed to simultaneously optimize the unit cost and...

The induction and development of chiral supramolecular structures from hierarchical self-assembly of achiral compounds is closely related to the evolution of life and the chiral amplification found in nature. Here we show that the combination of achiral tetraphenylethene (TPE) an AIE-active luminophore bearing four long alkyl chains via amide linkage allows the entire process of induction and c...

Much leadership literature neglects its historical-contextual antecedents and as a result overemphasizes zeitgeist, or tenor of the time’s social forces. This neglect impedes leadership research by encouraging academic amnesia and promoting a strong feeling of research déjà vu among many researchers and practitioners. In this article, we develop a leadership historical-contextual superstructure...

Silicene, a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb structure similar to graphene, has been successfully fabricated on an Ir(111) substrate. It is characterized as a (√7×√7) superstructure with respect to the substrate lattice, as revealed by low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Such a superstructure coincides with the (√3×√3) superlattice of silicene. First-principles calc...

Two-dimensional systems such as surfaces and molecular monolayers exhibit a multitude of intriguing phases and complex transitions. Ultrafast structural probing of such systems offers direct time-domain information on internal interactions and couplings to a substrate or bulk support. We have developed ultrafast low-energy electron diffraction and investigate in transmission the structural rela...

The paper addresses aggregation issues for composite (modular) solutions. A systemic view point is suggested for various aggregation problems. Several solution structures are considered: sets, set morphologies, trees, etc. Mainly, the aggregation approach is targeted to set morphologies. The aggre-gation problems are based on basic structures as substructure, superstructure, median/consensus, a...

The problem of soil±pile±foundation±superstructure interaction is examined, and a simple rational procedure to analyse the response of a structure supported on pile groups is presented. This procedure combines theories for the computation of the dynamic impedances and kinematic±seismic response factors of pile foundations with a multi-degree-of-freedom structural model. The procedure is applied...

Li3AlAs2, Li3GaAs2 and Li3InAs2 were obtained from the elements via high temperature synthesis. Li3AlAs2 crystallize in a distorted 2 ⋅ 1 superstructure of antifluorite structure type. The orthorhombic crystal is isotypic to Li3AlP2 Li3GaP2, space group Cmce (No. 64) showing layers condensed TrAs4-tetrahedra (Tr=Al, Ga). crystallizes Li3InP2 4 type superstructure. tetragonal, I41/acd 142), 3D-n...

This paper investigates the response of pile foundations to deep-excavations. An elastoplastic two-stage model is used study groups (with free- or rigidly capped-heads) and piled structures (grade beams bearing walls), considering piles embedded in either uniform layered ground. The validated using results analytical solutions, as well data from centrifuge tests real case histories. Then, a par...

the main design criteria of ballasted railway tracks include rail deflections, rail bending stresses, rail wheel contact stresses, sleeper bending moments and ballast sleeper contact pressures. numerous criteria have been defined for the design of ballasted railway tracks owing to the various mechanical properties of track components and their complex interaction. therefore, railway track desig...