Increasing the understanding of the molecular and cellular players involved in the regulation of adult skeletal muscle mass is an important open issue in current muscle biology. Muscle mass is regulated through a delicate balance between protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Under conditions of muscle hypertrophy, protein synthesis exceeds protein breakdown, resulting in an increase in the s...

Sciatic nerve injury is a common disease of peripheral nerve in clinic. After nerve injury, there are many dysfunctions in motoneurons and muscles following regeneration. Previous studies mostly investigated the aspects related to the injured nerve, and the effect on the recurrent inhibition (RI) pathway of spine following regeneration was not fully understood. Following reinnervation after tem...

OBJECTIVE To highlight the most important issues of the 2010 annual meetings of the European Association of Urology, EAU), the American Urological Association, AUA, the American Society of Clinical Oncology, ASCO, and the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, ASTRO. METHODS A group of experts in oncological urology selected the most important summaries of the four congresse...

The spread of chemicals, including insecticides, into the environment often raises public health concerns, as exemplified by a recent epidemiologic study associating in utero piperonyl butoxide (PBO) exposure with delayed mental development. The insecticide synergist PBO is listed among the top 10 chemicals detected in indoor dust; a systematic assessment of risks from PBO exposure, as for many...

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate adverse effects of Zataria multiflora essential oil on epididymal sperm quality, and testicular tissue following experimentally induced copper poisoning in mice. Methods: The study comprised of four different groups of twelve mice as follows: Group N (Normal) and group Cu (Copper) received pure drinking water, while Groups Z (Zataria multi...

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate different concentrations of deltamethrin combined with formulated piperonyl butoxide (PBO) synergist on various surfaces against the wild strain of Anopheles stephensi, the main malaria vector in Southern Iran under semi-field condition. Methods Four concentrations of deltamethrin WG 25% (Tagros) and PBO 800EC-UV (Endura) were prepared and spra...

Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the antenna of insects serve to encode odors in action potential activity conducted to the olfactory lobe of the deuterocerebrum. We performed an analysis of the electrophysiological responses of olfactory neurons in the antennae of the female malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae s.s. and investigated the effect of blood feeding on responsiveness. Forty-four c...