There is a great resolution calling for smart grids in recent years. Introduction of new technologies, that make the network flexible and controllable, is a main part of smart grid concept and a key factor to its success. Transmission network as a part of system network has drawn less attention. Transmission switching as a transmission service can release us from load shedding and remove the co...

In the present paper, optical add drop multiplexers (OADMs) for Ultra Wide Wavelength division multiplexing (UW-WDM) in optical telecommunication ring networks have been modeled and parametrically investigated over wide range of the affecting parameters. Moreover, we have analyzed the flexible configuration changes as well as higher capacity and maximum possible transmission bit rates. Also in ...

The paper presents a Special Protection Scheme solution for the central Zagreb transmission system. The Central Zagreb transmission system is characterized by a highly meshed network with combined overhead and cable sections and a special operation of the 110 kV cable link between two power plants important for the city’s heat and electricity supply. The Special Protection Scheme is developed u...

This paper describes a constant impedance transmission line pulse system with new measurement capabilities and improved accuracy. The paper enforces a broader look at transmission line pulse (TLP) data, beyond the – curves. Accurate TLP measurements and actual TLP/HBM device data are used to demonstrate effects and HBM/TLP correlation and miscorrelation. Finally, a calibration method and standa...

Transmission Line Pulse is a short pulse (25ns to 150ns) measurement of the current-voltage (I/V) characteristics of the ESD protection built into an integrated circuit. The short TLP pulses are used to simulate the short ESD pulse threats and integrated circuit must tolerate without being damaged. In this work the fundamental principles of how the TLP pulse is generated and used to create I-V ...

An experimental course in electromagnetic theory has been developed in which the student version of PSPICE can be used to illustrate a large class of theoretical principles. The course material is based on the argument that many interesting problems in electrodynamics can be addressed using TEM waves normally incident on a dielectric or reflecting interface. The relationship between a normally ...

The convolutional interleaver technique is used in telecommunication applications such as SDH and PDH radio systems, GSM and UMTS mobile communication systems, and point-tomultipoint radio systems to protect transmission channels from noise. On the transmit side, the convolutional interleaver parallelizes serial input data into N-bit words and shifts the data word through N delay lines. The del...