Three newly discovered species of fig-living nematodes display remarkable diversity in head morphology depending on their local environment. This shows that a great deal of ecological diversity can be maintained in the absence of substantial genetic variation.

This paper presents a detailed analysis of the so-called proleptic accusative. This construction type is rare, but attested in a number of different languages. Here, we discuss data from Middle Dutch in particular, which enables us to shed new light on the matter. We show that the proleptic accusative is crucially different from complex cases of raising. Instead, we explore two novel and compet...

In this work we address the problem of detecting overlapping communities in social networks. Because the word ”community” is an ambiguous term, it is necessary to quantify what it means to be a community within the context of a particular type of problem. Our interpretation is that this quantification must be done at a minimum of three scales. These scales are at the level of: individual nodes,...

An algorithm for automatic identification of topic and focus of the sentence is presented, based on dependency syntax and using written input, which is much more ambiguous than spoken utterance. 1. The dichotomy of topic and focus, based, in the Praguean Functional Generative Description, on the scale of communicative dynamism (underlying word order), is relevant not only for a possible placeme...

Neg-Raising (NR) verbs form a class of verbs with a clausal complement that show the following behavior: when a negation syntactically attaches to the matrix predicate, it can semantically attach to the embedded predicate. This paper presents an account of NR predicates within Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG). We propose a lexical semantic interpretation that heavily relies on a Montague-like seman...

The present study addresses the question whether accentuation and prosodic phrasing can have a similar function, namely, to group words in a sentence together. Participants listened to locally ambiguous sentences containing object- and subject-control verbs while ERPs were measured. In Experiment 1, these sentences contained a prosodic break, which can create a certain syntactic grouping of wor...

INTRODUCTION THE INTERPRETATION OF TEXTS AND OF BEHAVIOR is closely related to the rational choice explanation of action. In this article I try to bring out two aspects of that connection. I first ask whether we can enhance our understanding of a literary text by assuming the rationality of its creator. In novels, for instance, things often happen “for a reason”—be it a reason for the author, f...