The advances of mobile devices and technology have permitted their inclusion on our daily activities, supporting and propelling productivity and communication on several levels. Moreover, the ever-growing diversity and potential of these devices extends their usage through multiple settings, accentuating their ubiquitous and pervasive nature. One of the major contributions to this is undoubtedl...

Tarii structures where charges depend on resource usage allow network operators to fairly recover costs from their customers. The notion of eeective bandwidth is an important mathematical abstraction to the complex problem of quantifying resource usage. We consider usage-based pricing schemes which are based on some bound of the eeective bandwidth and involve two measurements: the duration of a...

Language is a powerful communication tool. A skilful person uses words and manipulates them for different purposes; be that persuading clients in buying products or joining congregation; soothing aggravated patients consoling people who lost their loved ones. used teaching, informing, entertaining making laugh. Many public speakers, teachers, politicians leaders use humour breaking the ice enga...

Quantifying the use of a data structure makes benchmarking data structures easier and more reliable. We explore diierent ways of quantifying datatype usage. We present a basic solution and examine three extensions to this solution. 1 Motivation Suppose we have a selection of data structures performing similar tasks. How do we compare their eeciency? Traditionally we might choose a few benchmark...

nima yoshij and badr shaker sayyab are two contemporary renowned poet in iran and iraq which using the concepts of the verious colors could show their own personal and social opinion at their poets. no doubt, personal experiences, litererary life and the political and social environment surrounding of each poet can affect the role of the colors in his poems. similar pretty or horrible incident ...

To reduce environmental impacts and ensure competitiveness, the fabrication construction sectors focus on minimizing energy material usage, which leads to design requirements for complex structures by joining of similar dissimilar materials. Meeting these industrial demands requires compatible materials with improved properties such as good weight-to-strength ratios, where aluminum (Al) its all...

Both urea and urease were subjects of early scientific investigations. Urea was the first organic molecule to be synthesized and jack bean urease was the first enzyme ever to be crystallized. About 50 years later it was shown to be the first nickel metalloenzyme. Since then, nickel-dependent ureases have been isolated from many bacteria, fungi and higher plants. They have similar structures and...

The automated creation and the visualization of concept structures become more important as the number of relevant information continues to grow dramatically. Especially information and knowledge intensive tasks are relying heavily on accessing the relevant information or knowledge at the right time. Moreover the capturing of relevant facts and good ideas should be focused on as early as possib...