this article intends to analyze women's political participation in municipal centers in isfahan province. in the article, one of the basic propositions of the exchange theory regarding the women political participation is examined. according to this proposition, the more valuable a reward is for a deed, the more probably the deed will be carried out. the method for this research was survey...

Cognitive radio technology gets much attention of wireless network research environments as a new way to utilize the precious spectrum efficiently. IEEE 802.22, Wireless Regional Area Network, is the first international standard based on cognitive radio technology which intends to provide broadband access by utilizing unused TV channels, also known as TV white spaces. This standard provides PHY...

Health is basic need of human being and everybody intends to remain healthy. As far as Islam is concerned, its faith is not merely upon spirit, but also it has given proper place to the physician health. It is a fact that the revaluation in the preserving and restoring health of psychic as well as physical is a gift of Islam. Clearcut guidelines have been given not only for correction of spirit...

the qur’an has informed about the presence of angels in heaven and has deprived and prohibited the devils and jinns from hearing their words. that is to say, whenever a rebellious devil (satan) intends to listen to the words of the angels, it will be targeted by meteorites and get rejected and disappointed. the present article explores into and reappraises the related verses and states that the...

The important role given to domain ontologies for knowledge representation implies increasing need for development and maintenance of them. However, we have a scarcity of tools supporting the life cycle from creation to management and adaptation. Our research group focuses on developing an autonomic process for knowledge representation through a systematic evaluation and redesign of ontologies....

This article intends to review the different studies of the Mars satellites Phobos and Deimos realized by means of ground-based telescopic observations as well in the astrometry and dynamics domain as in the physical one. This study spans the first period of investigations of the Martian satellites since their discovery in 1877 through the astrometry and the spectrometry methods, mainly before ...

Empirical analyses of hierarchical data1 are important in various disciplines, but are most common to the social sciences. Until the 1980’s, when the method of multilevel modeling was introduced, researchers dealt with the problem of nested data in a variety of ways, none of which was completely effective or accurate. The method of hierarchical modeling, and softwares such as HLM or MLwiN, prov...

Although we have been using PG lately, we intend not to discuss the superiority of one over the other in this article. Here we describe a technique using anterior gastrotomy and retraction of the cut end of the stomach to fashion PG following pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPD) and the standard pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) (Whipples’ operation) respectively. No report about the ant...

Communication technology was in the focus of scientific investigations in the the field of automation from the early days on. Industry quickly identified the enormous market potential of distributing intelligent control units, no matter in which field, being it energy production, energy supply, rail transportation, or aviation and space technology. This article intends to review history in orde...