Abstract Background B lymphocyte activating factor (BAFF) is a growth regulating lymphocytes survival and maturation. Serum BAFF levels were elevated in patients affected with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), including Graves’ disease (GD) Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). The aim of this study to explore the association expression its receptors AITD. Methods Fifty-two GD patients, 39 (HT) 23 he...

PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to identify risk factors for severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) and compressive optic neuropathy in Korean patients. METHODS This study was a retrospective comparative case series. All TAO patients who were first seen at our institution between 2005 and 2009 and who had follow-up periods of at least 6 months were included. Patients were divided in...

OBJECTIVE To compare superior ophthalmic vein blood flow parameters measured with color Doppler imaging in patients with congestive Graves' orbitopathy before and after treatment and in normal controls. METHODS Twenty-two orbits from 12 patients with Graves' orbitopathy in the congestive stage and 32 orbits from 16 normal controls underwent color Doppler imaging studies. Color Doppler imaging...

BACKGROUND A recent consensus statement from the European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy recommends referring all patients with thyroid eye disease (TED), except the mildest cases, to a specialist multidisciplinary clinic. OBJECTIVE To study the patients' experiences of accessing services for the treatment of TED in the UK. METHODS A postal questionnaire survey of 395 members of two patients ...

Background: Restrictive strabismus is a common feature of Thyroid-Related Ophthalmopathy (TRO) causing intractable diplopia. We reviewed the surgical outcome for TRO patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients of TRO who underwent strabismus surgery from January, 1998 to September, 2012. Preoperative characteristics were recorded such as age, sex, disease severity, presence of compr...

Background: The overall changes of ocular motility in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) are not easily quantifiable with the methods currently available, especially clinical studies. aim prese...

Management of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) must be based on the correct assessment of activity and severity of the disease. Activity is usually assessed with the Clinical Activity Score, whereas severity is classified according to a European Group On Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) consensus statement as mild, moderate-to-severe, and sight-threatening. Myopathic and chronic congestive forms are uncomm...