The study aims to introduce a new method and approach for measuring the diversity of connectivity with the help of the landscape geometrization, in order to create a new variable useful in landscape metrics and to decrease the costs of landscape planning if its main goal is the enhancement of connectivity. Using induction we identify the landscape elements with geometric elements, calculating t...

We consider optimization problems for complex systems in which the cost function has a multivalleyed landscape. We introduce a new class of dynamical algorithms which, using a suitable annealing procedure coupled with a balanced greedy-reluctant strategy drive the systems towards the deepest minimum of the cost function. Results are presented for the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model of spin-glasses.

soil is one of the main non-renewable natural resources in the world and its degradation is considered as a major threat around the globe because it reduces the productivity capacity of soil variability and makes the environment instable in the long turn. soil degradation has three different aspects: physical, chemical and biological degradation. if any of these aspects of the destruction of th...

high strength fresh leachates generated at a new disposal trench, compost plant and partially stabilized leachate of an older trench were characterized in terms of anaerobic degradation at laboratory batch scale at 35oc. fresh leachate had extremely high cod of 66,710 – 89,501 mg/l along with low ph of 4.1-5.9 in contrast to older and therefore partially stabilized leachate with a cod of about ...

Landscape metrics are used in landscape ecology to quantify landscape characteristics related to structure, function and change by quantifying the structure and distributional pattern of landscape elements such as plants, animals and other physical landscape features. To date, there has been little published research on landscape metrics that include social perceptions of landscape. In this pap...

identification of rapid degradation of ecological resources requires effective environmental monitoring including ecological integrity assessment .our first aim is to analyze ecological integrity in a landscape context while developing a method to assess integrity in spite of a dearth of historical data. we used a spatial-temporal reference framework for land cover maps for assessing ecological...