Separation of topographic features from magnetic images has been an issue for the past two decades in magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The frequent pickups of the topographic features are interpreted as transitions of the tip between bistable states of the tip-sample assembly in the noncontact and tapping regions. MFM using electrostatic force modulation demonstrates the separation of the topog...

BACKGROUND Several methods that are currently used for contouring analysis have problems providing reliable and/or meaningful results. In this paper a solution to these problems is proposed in a form of a novel measure, which was developed based on requirements defined for contouring studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The proposed distance deviation measure can be understood as an extension of th...

Alluvial fans of alpine torrents are both natural deposition areas for sediment discharged by floods and debris flows, and preferred sites for agriculture and settlements. Hazard assessment on alluvial fans depends on proper identification of flow processes and their potential intensity. This study used LiDAR data to examine the morphology of the alluvial fan of a small alpine stream (Moscardo ...

The diversity of organisms and complexity of ecosystems prevent through inventory and monitoring of protected areas, yet sound databases are needed to manage ecosystems for long-term persistence. One strategy is therefore to focus monitoring on indicator organisms, but guidelines are lacking for selecting appropriate species or groups. This paper presents a simple protocol based on ordination t...

To date, it has been shown that cognitive map representations based on cartographic visualisations are systematically distorted. The grid is a traditional element of map graphics that has rarely been considered in research on perception-based spatial distortions. Grids do not only support the map reader in finding coordinates or locations of objects, they also provide a systematic structure for...

Pyramidal cells in the rodent hippocampus often exhibit clear spatial tuning in navigation. Although it has been long suggested that pyramidal cell activity may underlie a topological code rather than a topographic code, it remains unclear whether an abstract spatial topology can be encoded in the ensemble spiking activity of hippocampal place cells. Using a statistical approach developed previ...

Ordnance Survey, the national mapping agency of Britain is researching the development of topographic ontologies to describe our spatial data, motivated by the business need of improving ease of understanding and reuse of our data, as well as assisting its integration with third party datasets. Through our experience of authoring topographic ontologies, we have found that the family of Web Onto...

One conventional method of topographic data collection is image data such as satellite images and aerial photographs. However, due to the low spatial resolution and time-consumption of the conventional data collection process, all the methods that use image data have limitations. The recent advances in the research on airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) data enable the collection of mo...

There is a recent trend of using controlled natural language (CNL) interfaces to provide more intuitive ways for entering abstract knowledge constructs [3]. This can reduce the complexity of knowledge formulation, which can lead to wider user involvement in ontology authoring and improved efficiency of the knowledge engineering process. However, CNL-based tools for ontology engineering focus so...