In 1909, several years before the famous `Organizer’ experiments of Spemann and Mangold, Ethel Browne demonstrated induction of a secondary axis in hydra by grafting a hypostome. Based on this and subsequent work, in the late sixties, Lewis Wolpert proposed the theory of morphogen gradients and positional information. We have studied secondary axis induction by hypostome and foot tissue using t...

introduction wedge modifiers are commonly applied in external beam radiotherapy to change the dose distribution corresponding to the body contour and to obtain a uniform dose distribution within the target volume. since the radiation dose delivered to the target must be within ±5% of the prescribed dose, accurate dose calculation by a treatment planning system (tps) is important. the objective ...

A goal of total knee arthroplasty is to obtain symmetric and balanced flexion and extension gaps. Controversy exists regarding the best surgical technique to utilize to obtain gap balance. Some favor the use of a measured resection technique in which bone landmarks, such as the transepicondylar, the anterior-posterior, or the posterior condylar axes are used to determine proper femoral componen...

The increased accessibility of the tool achieved by using 5-axis roughing reduces overall machining time complex parts reducing or eliminating re-roughing and semi-finishing operations thereby decreasing volume remaining material before finishing operations. However, milling generates significant variations in orientation which, combined with high engagement required conditions, can be penalizi...

Various methods are presented to control the attitude of satellite due to lack of information of yaw axis attitude so far. In this paper, a new method is used which is more general and is applicable to all types of satellites, with at least one controller. This method is not limited to YAW axis and can control the two other axes as well. One feature of this approach is the ability to be modi...

Various methods are presented to control the attitude of satellite due to lack of information of yaw axis attitude so far.&#10In this paper, a new method is used which is more general and is applicable to all types of satellites, with at least one controller. &#10This method is not limited to YAW axis and can control the two other axes as well. One feature of this approach is the ability to be ...

The Electromagnetic Calorimeter of the CMS experiment, consisting of about 75000 Lead Tungstate scintillating crystals, aims at achieving an extreme precision in photon and electron energy measurement. Since the ultimate energy resolution will be affected by the crystal light yield and its uniformity along the crystal axis, systematic measurements of both these parameters are performed in the R...

has a countably infinite number of solutions, which are denoted by Wk(z) for integers k. Each choice of k specifies a branch of the Lambert W function. By convention, only the branches k = 0 (called the principal branch) and k = −1 are real-valued for any z; the range of every other branch excludes the real axis, although the range of W1(z) includes (−∞,−1/e] in its closure. Only W0(z) contains...