Background: Global resource needs estimation is a critical part of addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. To generate these estimates knowledge of costs and cost structures is required. The evidence base for costs of HIV prevention programmes is limited. Even less is known about the existence of economies scale and whether, as economic theory suggests, average costs form a 'u'shaped curve as scale i...

a new cost function based on stochastic fuzzy discrimination information measure is introduced in this paper. focusing on their significant parts, this cost function is used to find the optimal value of threshold for denoising image. it is, in fact, an extension of fuzzy entropy cost function by the present author. multivariable normal distribution is used for creating focus on significant part...

Purpose This study investigates the interrelationships between efficiency, competition and risk in Chinese banking industry. Design/methodology/approach Parametric stochastic frontier analysis is used to estimate bank efficiency; Lerner index as indicator; accounting ratios a translog function are measure different types of finally, three-stage least square estimator investigate interrelationsh...

Several common flexible functional forms are evaluated for Texas agricultural production utilizing three procedures. Nested hypothesis tests indicate that the normalized quadratic is the marginally-preferred functional form followed by the generalized Leontief. Predictive accuracy results are ambiguous between the generalized Leontief and the normalized quadratic. Statistical performance favors...

This paper aimed to study how industrial air pollution impacts crop yield by investigating the relationship between output and changes in factors. A translog production function was estimated context of stochastic frontier analysis using data collected from a field survey case corn. The interaction factors as well impact on analyzed numerical simulation, followed estimation economic losses corn...

BACKGROUND There is a pressing need to include cost data in the Lives Saved Tool (LiST). This paper proposes a method that combines data from both the WHO CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Effective (CHOICE) database and the OneHealth Tool (OHT) to develop unit costs for delivering child and maternal health services, both alone and bundled. METHODS First, a translog cost function is estima...

BACKGROUND Global resource needs estimation is a critical part of addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic. To generate these estimates knowledge of costs and cost structures is required. The evidence base for costs of HIV prevention programmes is limited. Even less is known about the existence of economies scale and whether, as economic theory suggests, average costs form a 'u'-shaped curve as scale i...