Motivated by pine cones and plant seeds that open or close in response to changes humidity thanks the shrinking swelling of hygroscopic bilayers, given recent interest artificial systems mimic motility seeds, we consider bilayers consisting two adhering elongated thin layers made gels, modeled as active, transversally isotropic elastic materials. The direction transverse isotropy is set one fib...

The influence of soil variability on three-dimensional (3D) probabilistic slope stability analysis has been investigated previously for soils that display isotropic spatial features or anisotropic horizontal fabric patterns. However, due to various deposition processes, weathering, filling tectonic movements, the assumptions isotropy layering may not always be realistic. This study presents 3D ...

The unique structural characteristics and special symmetry of columnar jointed rock mass result in its complex mechanical properties strong anisotropy, which seriously affects the safety engineering construction. To better simulate natural mass, a geometric model reconstruction method based on single-random movement Voronoi diagram uniform seed points using feasible geological parameters horizo...

This article presents a new performance measure, the actuation e ciency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-e ector accelerations achievable in di erent directions. Prior to this, no measure of this characteristic was adequate for a six degree-of-freedom manipulator, because its ende ector motions are ref...

A refined form of the ‘Folk Theorem’ that a smooth action by a compact Lie group can be (canonically) resolved, by iterated blow up, to have unique isotropy type is proved in the context of manifolds with corners. This procedure is shown to capture the simultaneous resolution of all isotropy types in a ‘resolution structure’ consisting of equivariant iterated fibrations of the boundary faces. T...

This article presents a new performance meamre, the actuation eficiency, which describes isotropy in acceleration capability for non-redundant manipulators. It measures the imbalance between the end-effector accelerations achievable in different directions. Prior to this, no measurre of this characteriStic was adequate for a six dem-of-freedom manipulator, because its endeffector motions are re...

Two principles explain emergence. First, in the Receipt’s reference frame, Deg(S) = 4 3 Deg(R ), where Supply S is an isotropic radiative energy source, Receipt R receives S’s energy, and Deg is a system’s degrees of freedom based on its mean path length. S’s 3 more degrees of freedom relative to R enables R ’s growth and increasing complexity. Second, ρ(R ) = Deg(R )× ρ(r), where ρ(R ) represe...

Optical texture patterns contain three quasi-independent cues to planar surface orientation: perspective scaling, projective foreshortening and density. The purpose of this work was to estimate the perceptual weights assigned to these texture cues for discriminating surface orientation and to measure the visual system’s reliance on an isotropy assumption in interpreting foreshortening informati...