In this paper, we ask “Can proximity to towns reduces poverty in rural areas?” For this study we have mapped all the villages in Orissa. The study is based on small area poverty estimation methodology as well as the secondary data covering 47,395 villages and 109 towns. Our main findings are (i) there is a relationship between the distance to nearest town and rural poverty and (ii) poverty leve...

This paper proposes a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm, namely Mud Ring Algorithm (MRA) that mimics the mud ring feeding behaviour of bottlenose dolphins in Atlantic coast Florida. The inspiration MRA is mainly based on foraging and their strategy. strategy applied by to trap fish via creating plume single dolphin moving his tail swiftly sand swims around group fish. fishes become diso...

Whereas the geomorphic effects of in-channel mining have been widely documented, very few studies focused on recovery trajectories after ended. This paper describes and quantifies channel adjustment extended over-widened pits located in a low energy gravel-bed river, identifies factors that control their rate. The study was based aerial photographs LiDAR analysis, grain-size sampling, bedload c...

Recent studies of beach sand fecal contamination have triggered interest among scientists and in the media. Although evidence shows that beach sand can harbor high concentrations of fecal indicator organisms, as well as fecal pathogens, illness risk associated with beach sand contact is not well understood. Beach visitors at 7 US beaches were enrolled in the National Epidemiological and Environ...

A novel hydrophilic polyurethane (abbreviated as W-OH) was developed and applied as a sustainable sand-fixing material. This paper on the chemical sand fixation mechanism of W-OH discusses the adhesive force between the W-OH solid and sand particles. The solidification mechanism was investigated and the solidifying time was tested. And then the thickness and porosity of the W-OH sand-fixing lay...

An increase in the ability to timely meet commitments which will be due in the near future is a prerequisite for the survival of banks. Hence, the correct and optimal management of liquidity is an important affair that banks should perform. The present study aimed mainly to test the management of asset-liability and liquidity trap in the Credit Institute for Development. The research is applied...

Of utmost concern in storm water treatment today is the removal of dissolved phosphorus. One method to effectively determine the phosphorus removal capacity of different sand filtration media is controlled, well mixed experiments called batch studies. Batch studies with an initial phosphorus concentration typical of storm water were conducted at the University of Minnesota on C 33 sand, calcare...

In this paper, we exhibit a strong relation between the sand automata configuration space and the cellular automata configuration space. This relation induces a compact topology for sand automata, and a new context in which sand automata are homeomorphic to cellular automata acting on a specific subshift.We show that the existing topological results for sand automata, including the Hedlund-like...

The protective performance of a sand particle-modified enamel coating on reinforcing steel bars was evaluated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Seven percentages of sand particles by weight were investigated: 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 50% and 70%. The phase composition of the enamel coating and sand particles were determined with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) ...