Differential and integral calculus on time scales allows to develop a theory of dynamic equations in order to unify and extend the usual differential equations and difference equations. For single variable differential and integral calculus on time scales, we refer the reader to the textbooks [4, 5] and the references given therein. Multivariable calculus on time scales was developed by the aut...

In this article we decide to define a modified homotopy perturbation for solving non-linear integral equations. Almost, all of the papers that was presented to solve non-linear problems by the homotopy method, they used from two non-linear and linear operators. But we convert a non-linear problem to two suitable non-linear operators also we use from appropriate bases functions such as Legendre ...

In terms of observational data, there are some problems in the standard Big Bang cosmological model. Inflation era, early accelerated phase of the evolution of the universe, can successfully solve these problems. The inflation epoch can be explained by scalar inflaton field. The evolution of this field is presented by a non-linear differential equation. This equation is considered in FLRW model...

We present several well-posed, well-conditioned integral equation formulations for the solution of two-dimensional acoustic scattering problems with Neumann boundary conditions in domains with corners. We call these integral equations Direct Regularized Combined Field Integral Equations (DCFIE-R) formulations because (1) they consist of combinations of direct boundary integral equations of the ...

Boundary conditions for the vorticity form of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are established. Integral equations system for the vorticity and its derivatives in the exterior of the compact domain and on its boundary is constructed. Randomization of this system leads to the stochastic algorithm solving the initial differential problem.

The Faddeev equations for the three-body bound state are solved directly as three-dimensional integral equations without employing partial wave decomposition. Two-body forces of the Mal iet-Tjon type and simple spin independent genuine three-body forces are considered for the calculation of the three-body binding energy.

A volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) formulation is developed for determining the electromagnetic TM scattering by a two-dimensional conducting cylinder coated with an inhomogeneous dielectric/magnetic material. The electric field integral equations (EFIEs) are utilized to derive the VSIE. The surface EFIE is applied to the conducting surface, while the volume EFIE is applied to the coatin...

degenerate kernel approximation method is generalized to solve hammerstein system of fredholm integral equations of the second kind. this method approximates the system of integral equations by constructing degenerate kernel approximations and then the problem is reduced to the solution of a system of algebraic equations. convergence analysis is investigated and on some test problems, the propo...