Flooding is a particular hazard in urban areas worldwide due to the increased risks to life and property in these regions. SAR sensors are often used to image flooding because of their all-weather day-night capability, and now possess sufficient resolution to image urban flooding. The flood extents extracted from the images may be used for flood relief management and improved urban flood inunda...

The association between chronic severe malnutrition and poor mental development as a social and health problem that may lead to a behavioral dysfunction has been reported in several studies. This study has attempted to investigate the relation between stunted children and cognitive measures (IQ). In this study, 1945 school children (845 urban, 1100 rural) have randomly selected by using variabl...

BACKGROUND Significant and persistent racial and income disparities in birth outcomes exist in the US. The analyses in this manuscript examine whether adverse birth outcome time trends and associations between area-level variables and adverse birth outcomes differ by urban-rural status. METHODS Alabama births records were merged with ZIP code-level census measures of race, poverty, and rurali...

BACKGROUND Yunnan province is located in south western China and is one of the poorest provinces of the country. This study examines the premature mortality burden from common causes of deaths among an urban region, suburban region and rural region of Kunming, the capital of Yunnan. METHODS Years of life lost (YLL) rate per 1,000 and mortality rate per 100,000 were calculated from medical dea...

Since the industrial revolution, accelerated urban growth has overflown administrative divisions, merged cities into large built extensions, and blurred the boundaries between urban and rural land-uses. These traits, present in most of contemporary metropolis, complicate the definition of cities, a crucial issue considering that objective and comparable metrics are the basic inputs needed for t...

The association between chronic severe malnutrition and poor mental development as a social and health problem that may lead to a behavioral dysfunction has been reported in several studies. This study has attempted to investigate the relation between stunted children and cognitive measures (IQ). In this study, 1945 school children (845 urban, 1100 rural) have randomly selected by using variabl...

QuikSCAT backscatter is generally higher over urban areas than surrounding vegetated areas. Azimuthal anisotropy has been observed over some urban areas, but the strength of the azimuthal anisotropy in the urban backscatter signal has not been well quantified. This study investigates radar azimuthal anisotropy in urban areas. QuikSCAT L1B σ observations are compared for urban, non-urban, and un...

Urban land cover is one of the fastest global growing land cover types which permanently alters land surface properties and atmospheric interactions, often initiating an urban heat island effect. Urbanisation comprises a number of land cover changes within metropolitan regions. However, these complexities have been somewhat neglected in temperature analysis studies of the urban heat island effe...