Two nomograms are given for use in calculating standard, C3, or maximum, Cm, urea clearance. The first nomogram calculates the urine flow rate, f, from the urine collection time and volume data. With the second nomogram, values of f and urea nitrogen concentrations in blood serum (or plasma) and urine are used to calculate either C3 or Cm, according to the value of f. There is no intermediate c...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of diabetes among U.S. non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study), a multicenter study of diabetes among youth aged 0-19 years, were examined. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years across 4 incident years (2002-200...

A new species of the psammophilous and brushlegged North American genus Amercaenis Provonsha and McCafferty, Amercaenis cusabo Provonsha and McCafferty, new species, is described from larvae taken from the Black River (North Carolina), the Pee Dee River (North Carolina), and the Savannah River (Georgia and South Carolina). The new species differs from the only other known species of the genus, ...

 Abstract  Background: Despite the long-standing association of macrophage migration inhibitory  factor (MIF) with delayed-type hypersensitivity response, the potential role  of MIF in chronic allograft nephropathy is unknown. The association between upregulation of MIF expression, macrophage and T cell infiltration and the severity of  chronic allograft nephropathy suggests that MIF may be an ...

background: the ratio of urine protein to urine osmolality has recently been suggested as an accurate method to determine proteinuria.   objective: we studied the correlation of urine protein to urine osmolality ratio with 24-hr urinary protein excretion.   methods: 150 children aged 0.11–17 years admitted to the department of pediatric nephrology were included in this study. early morning urin...

Background & Aim: Punica granatum L. (pomegranate) is a widely used plant that has high nutritional value .This study evaluated prevention effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Punica granatum flower and leaves ethylene glycol-induced Nephrolithiasis in Wistar rats. Experimental: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups. G...

capture ELISA system was developed for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) using a monoclonal antibody raised against an antigen previously detected in the urine of VL patients. Urine samples from confirmed VL cases from Yemen, Nepal, Spain, Sudan and Brazil were tested in the capture ELISA in comparison with urine samples from endemic and non-endemic areas along with urine samples from pa...

Successful reproductive management in buffaloes depends on effective estrus detection. Urinary pheromones identified from natural estrous cycle have been reported to decipher estrus phase. However, its presence has not been analyzed in the urine after synchronization. Thus, our present investigation was to investigate the influence of synchronized estrus urine in bulls and to examine the presen...