Infectious bursal disease (IBD), also known as Gumboro disease, is a globally well-known disease with a significant socio-economic effect. For control of IBD, several commercial egg- and cell-based vaccines are prepared. The cell-based IBD vaccines are significantly cost-effective; however, it is essential to confirm their safety and efficacy. The main cell line used to product the cell-based I...

Cervical cancer is, globally known to be, one of the most common cancers among women especially indeveloping countries. More than 90% of cervical cancers are associated with high-risk humanpapillomaviruses (HPVs) particularly HPV types 16 and 18. Two major strategies have been developed forprevention and treatment of cervical cancer and other HPV-associated malignancies; the first one is based ...

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the association between parents' beliefs about vaccines, their decision to delay or refuse vaccines for their children, and vaccination coverage of children at aged 24 months. METHODS We used data from 11,206 parents of children aged 24-35 months at the time of the 2009 National Immunization Survey interview and determined their vaccination status at aged 24 months. Dat...

An overview on the short, only 200 years, past history and future expectations in the field of vaccines is presented. The focus is on development trends and potential rather than individual vaccines. While the first vaccines were a result of keen observation, the further development has been tightly dependent on the development of microbiology to provide both the knowledge basis and the technol...

Immunotherapy as an option of treatment in cancer has experienced an important development with the inclusion of vaccines. In lung cancer this type of treatment has emerged and vaccines can be classified in three groups: antigen-specific vaccines, tumor cell vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines. Emepepimut (L-BLP25) and MAGE-A3 have been the vaccines most widely studied. Their promising result...

Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive form of brain tumors. Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the prognosis for patients is poor. As such, investigative therapies including tumor vaccines have targeted this devastating condition. Recent clinical trials involving immunotherapy, spec...

Leptospirosis is a serious infection disease caused by pathogenic strains of the Leptospira spirochetes, which affects not only humans but also animals. It has long been expected to find an effective vaccine to prevent leptospirosis through immunization of high risk humans or animals. Although some leptospirosis vaccines have been obtained, the vaccination is relatively unsuccessful in clinical...

DNA vaccines represent a new approach to protect against infectious disease, and hence may improve human and animal welfare, reduce antibiotic usage and reduce the spread of pathogens. Edible and injectable DNA vaccines hold prospects for rapid immunization against a variety of diseases that are difficult to eradicate with traditional vaccines and antibiotics. Other potential uses of DNA vaccin...

Mycoplasma contaminants can be considered important not only for their roles as pathogens but also they may indicate that insufficient care has been taken during vaccine manufacture or quality control. The purpose of this study was to test the poliomyelitis vaccines for Mycoplasma by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. During 2008 to 2009, a total of 47 lots of oral poliomyelit...