large water distribution systems can be highly vulnerable to penetration of contaminant factors caused by different means including deliberate contamination injections. as contaminants quickly spread into a water distribution network, rapid characterization of the pollution source has a high measure of importance for early warning assessment and disaster management. in this paper, a methodology...

introduction : direct relationship has been reported between the prevalence of some parasitic diseases and the presence of microorganisms in water. there are possible contamination of water resources, due to the climate changes and increasing the groundwater level. the purpose of this research was to determine the contamination rate of drinking water supplies to parasites in mazandaran province...

The paper by Welch et al. entitled " Microbial quality of water in rural communities of Trinidad " (1) discussed aspects of water quality testing and expectations of safety of rural water supplies, and it affirmed similar observations of unpotability in developing countries that my colleagues and I described in a study in sub-Saharan Africa (2). The hazard of increased contamination of stored w...

background and aims. dental handpiece is a source of contamination because it is in constant touch with the oral cavity. sterilization does not seem to be sufficient to prevent penetration of microorganisms into air and water lines of the unit, because negative pressure developed by valves (which are placed in water outlets) and post shut-off inertial rotation of handpiece result in water and d...

Fecal coliform bacteria are widely used as indicators of sewage contamination in surface water. However, there are some disadvantages in these microbial techniques including time consuming (18-48h) and inability in discriminating between human and animal fecal material sources. Therefore, it is necessary to seek a more specific indicator of human sanitary waste. In this study, the feasibility w...

An outbreak of cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa occurred in and around Chandigarh during July 22-31, 2002. Of the 303 patients admitted to two hospitals, 82 were confirmed by culture. Two rehabilitation colonies located at the periphery of Chandigarh were mainly affected. The isolates were biotyped as Eltor and were susceptible to many antibiotics. Thirty one (35.2%) of 88 water sampl...

background: hemodialysis is a life-saving process used as a treatment for many patients sufferimg from renal failure. because of the large amount of water used in this process, contamination of hemodialysis water with microbial and harmful chemical pollutants is possible. therefore, considering standards of dialysis water is critical. the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological...

The relative reduction in potential ground-water contamination due to pesticides at several sites in Utah was determined by comparing alternative irrigation system designs, water management practices and pesticides. Alternative sprinkler irrigation distribution coefficients were used to estimate infiltration depths. The movement of pesticides through soils following sprinkler irrigations was si...

Few studies have examined the impacts of ground water quality on residential property values. Using a unique data set of well tests, we link residential real estate transactions to home-specific contamination and conduct a hedonic analysis of sales in Lake County, Florida, where pollution concerns relate primarily to agricultural run-off. We find that recent testing and contamination of ground ...