Introns may affect gene expression by increasing the time required to transcribe the gene. One way for extended transcription times to affect the behavior of a gene expression program is through a negative feedback loop. Here, we show that a logically engineered negative feedback loop in animal cells produces expression pulses, which have a broad time distribution that increases with intron len...

The study is concerned with Church Slavonic manuscripts and early printed books at the threshold of modernity. It has methodological aim applying evaluating a quantitative qualitative mixed-methods approach for analyzing pre-modern Slavic textual culture. With respect to part study, authors make use Handwritten Text Recognition tool Transkribus in order transcribe automatically these transcript...

Robin Nunn has argued that we should stop using the terms ‘placebo’ and ‘placebo effect’. I argue in support of Nunn’s position by considering the logic of why we perform placebo comparisons. Like all comparisons, placebo comparison is just a case of comparing one thing with another, but it is a mistake, I argue, to think of placebo comparison as a case where something is compared to ‘a placebo...